Yunimei :)

Jujur saja aku kecewa

2012-01-25T05:00:00.000-08:00

Mengapa kamu selalu memakai semua topeng itu?
Apakah harus kuperjelas bahwa aku tak ingin ada topeng
Apakah harus ku ulangi berkali-kali?
Ini semua salah
Mengapa harus ada naskah yang selalu kau edit?
Apa burung tak pernah bersua?
APAKAH ITUKAMU?
Aku benar-benar benci kalau memang ini adanya
Aku KECEWA
Lantas apa yang seharusnya kuperbuat?
Aagar kamu bisa mengerti atau mengambil langkah sendiri?
Aku ingin keluar dari duniaku sendiri
Karena aku tak bisa bila terus begini

Maaf

2012-01-25T04:53:00.000-08:00

Ketika aku menempatkan hatiku pada butiran pasir di pantai
Sang ombak selalu membawanya pergi
Dan inilah suatu pertanyaan
Mengapa kamu menyuruhku untuk memberi hatiku pada ranting yang kokoh?
Bukankah ranting itu sudah banyak terisi
Mengapa kamu membiarkan aku menjauhimu?
Lalu salah siapa sekarang?
Apakah bintang tak pernah menyampaikan pesannya
Hingga semua keluh kesahmu kau tuliskan dalam lagu
Ini faktanya
Aku akan bertahan pada karang
Dan antara pilihan daratan atau lautan?
Aku harus memilih satu darinya
Keinginanmu tak akan begitu cepat menjadi realita
Karena nyatanya hanya lidahmu yabg bertulang
Tak ada raga yang bergerak di setiap detiknya
Ku tanya 'Apa harus aku meninggalkan?'
Tapi kapan waktu yang tepat?
Karena latiku berkata lain
Aku ingin pergi
Ke tempat terindah di kahyangan tak berpenghuni itu
Aku masih ingin disana
Maaf, karena aku tak bisa menjadi penusuk nadiku sendiri

fox rain - my girl friend is gumiho

2012-01-11T00:33:00.000-08:00

sarangeul ajik nan mollaseo
deoneun gakkai motgayo
geunde wae jakkuman motnan nae simjangeun
dugeungeorinayo
nan dangsini jakkuman barphyeoseo
geunyang gal sudo eomneyo
irueojil su do eomneun i sarange
nae mami neomu apayo
haruga gago bami omyeon
nan ontong dangsin saenggakppunijyo
hansimseureopgo babo gateun nal
eotteoke haeya joheulkkayo
maeumi sarangeul ttareuni
naega mwol hal su innayo
irueojil sudo eomneun i sarange
nae mami neomu apayo

haruga gago bami omyeon
nan ontong dangsin saenggakppunijyo
hansimseureopgo babo gateun nal
eotteoke haeya hanayo
nae apeumi mudyeojyeo beoril nari
eonjejjeum naege ogin halkkayo
hansimseureopgo babo gateun nal
eotteokhae haran maringayo
dalbichi neomuna johaseo
geunyang gal suga eomneyo
dangsin gyeote jamsi nuwo isseulgeyo
jamsiman aju jamsima

fox rain - my girl friend is gumiho

2012-01-11T00:21:00.000-08:00

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=NRSH3ocTdQ4

Avril Lagvine - When you're gone

2011-12-24T05:05:00.000-08:00

I always needed time on my own
I never thought I'd need you there when I cry
And the days feel like years when I'm alone
And the bed where you lie
is made up on your side

When you walk away
I count the steps that you take
Do you see how much I need you right now?

When you're gone
The pieces of my heart are missing you
When you're gone
The face I came to know is missing too
When you're gone
All the words I need to hear to always get me through the day
And make it OK
I miss you

I've never felt this way before
Everything that I do
Reminds me of you
And the clothes you left
they lie on my floor
And they smell just like you
I love the things that you do

When you walk away
I count the steps that you take

Do you see how much I need you right now?

When you're gone
The pieces of my heart are missing you
When you're gone
The face I came to know is missing too
And when you're gone
The words I need to hear to always get me through the day
And make it OK
I miss you

We were made for each other
Out here forever
I know we were
Yeah Yeah

All I ever wanted was for you to know
Everything I do I give my heart and soul
I can hardly breathe, I need to feel you here with me
Yeah

When you're gone
The pieces of my heart are missing you
When you're gone
The face I came to know is missing too
When you're gone
The words I need to hear will always get me through the day
And make it OK
I miss you

Aku tak ingin melihat tangismu

2011-12-23T05:28:00.000-08:00

Hari ini sama dengan hari kemarin atau hari-hari sebelumnya
Kau selalu ada disetiap malam bermimpi
Kau berkata seolah-olah tak ingin musim semi pergi
Tapi apa yang kulihat berbeda darimu?
Ada sisi kelemahanmu yang menahanku
Membuatku tak mungkin pergi tuk mengejar mimpi
Aku tertahan dalam fatamorgana cinta
Sungguh ingin kuberlari dan mengejar semua citaku
Entah mengapa aku erasa aku tak butuh cinta
Mungkin inilah keegoisanku
Ada satu waktu untuk kubisa nikmati waktu
Tapi mungkin itu nanti
Bukan sekarang atau esok lusa
Aku masih ingin mengejar bintang di langit
Aku masih ingin membenahi jati diriku ini
Sekarang, aku benci diriku sendiri
Aku benci karena aku menipu semua rasa dan logika ini
Karena tangismu aku terhenti
Aku terpaku tuk menemanimu disini
Sungguh, jikalau esok kau masih bertahan dengan derai air matamu
Aku harap hentikan itu karena aku tak mau jadi pengkhianat diri sendiri
Mungkin tak untuk sekarang aku butuh cintamu
Tapi esok atau nanti
Tolong pahami aku ingin mengejar mimpi
Aku ingin membenahi jati diriku
Karena aku benci diriku sendiri
Yang masih iba melihat tangismu itu

Tuhan, Aku ingin menangis

2011-12-23T04:06:00.000-08:00

Aku masih bertaut di malam yang sunyi ini
Air mataku masih membatin dalam benakku
Ada apa sebenarnya dengan diriku?
Tuhan,
Hatiku menjerit dan ingin berbicara
Tapi apa?
Apakah ada yang salah dalam hariku?
Tuhan,
Aku menangis dalam sujudku
Dihiasi oleh halilintar dan hujan yang mendukung senduku
Nampak jejak yang tak terhiasi
Bah air matamu
Membuatku bertanya
Dan kusimpan jeritan dalam nurani ini
Kuhapus air mata dan kuhias dengan senyum palsuku
Aku ingin menangis Tuhan
Tepatnya dihadapanmu
Mungkin karena egoku
Yang menahan semua kebisuanku

Profile

2011-12-22T06:17:00.000-08:00

Perkenalkan nama saya Yuniasari Megandini tetapi saya lebih akrab dipanggil Dini/Dinol/YM/Dindong. Saya adalah perempuan kelahiran Subang, 28 Juni 1996.
Saya lebih suka memposting tentang puisi atau cerpen walaupun kebanyakan isi dalam blog ini adalah berita karena blog saya harus teruptodate juga :D
Hobi saya membaca komik, menggambar anime, membuat puisi, membuat cerpen, bermain futsal dan mengaji ^^
Riwayat pendidikan saya :

PlayGroup An-Nissa (Istana Kawuliyaan, Bandung, Jawa Barat, Indonesia)
TK Kartika (Cirebon, Jawa Barat, Indonesia)
SDN Margahayu Raya III (Margahayu Raya, Bandung, Jawa Barat)
SDN Pangrango (Perumnas Gunung, Kecamatan Harjamukti, Cirebon, Jawa Barat, Indonesia)
SMPN 6 Cirebon (Perumnas Burung, Kecamatan Harjamukti, Cirebon, Jawa Barat, Indonesia)
SMPN 1 Tanjungsiang (Tanjungsiang, Subang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia)
dan sekarang di SMAN 1 Sumedang (Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia)

Dari dulu saya sering berpindah-pindah kota dan menelusuri hampir se-Jawa Barat (haha lebay).
Aktivitas saya sekarang adalah :

Pelajar di SMAN 1 Sumedang
Redaktur puisi, cerpen, budaya, fotografi di Koran BEBAS (Berita Barudak Sumedang)
Bendahara 1 di F.A.S.T. SMAN 1 Sumedang

Saya orang yang dikenal dengan cerewetnya sehingga setiap orang yang mendengar saya berbicara bisa sampai menyuruh saya berhenti karena omongan saya yang panjang lebar seperti kereta api. Dalam diri saya tidak ada yang sempurna namun saya sangat senang me jadi diri saya sendiri :)
TK Kartika

Kelas 1 SD (yang pake baju orange)

Kelas 1 SMP
Kelas 2 SMP
Kelas 3 SMP
Kelas 1 SMA

Ini berbeda

2011-12-22T06:01:00.000-08:00

Sudah kulewati berpuluh-puluh detik tanpamu
Peluh dan keluh terus bercampur dalam otakku
Apa ini sihir ?
Atau racun yg dapat membunuhku ?
Kucoba hiasi siang dengan taburan bintang yg menawan
Tapi itu berbeda
Kucoba hiasi malam dengan pelangi yg mengelilingi rembulan
Tapi itu tak sama
Ingin kuganti realita dengan semua mimpi
Tapi itu tak sama dan berbeda
Lalu aku bertanya pada bayanganku yg berdiri di atas cermin
'Mengapa diriku ini?'
Ada kesalahan dalam cara kuberfikir
Air mata ini semakin menjadi
Bercampur lirih dikala malam sunyi
Aku tak tahan akan semua ini
Bisakah kuganti semua gundahku ?
Agar rindu tak semakin menggebu - gebu
Apa yg aku mau ?
Apa yg harus dirimu tahu ?
Apakah tentang rindu ini ataukah perasaan ini ?
Tolong jangan buatku seperti manusia bodoh yg tampil dengan komedi
Ini nyata dan tak pernah kurekayasa
Layaknya hati yg terikat olehmu
Aku luluh dan aku tak berdaya
Mungkin karena aku terbiasa oleh hadirmu
Tak dapat kuganti
Dan tak dapat kupungkuri
Karena itu berbeda

Lily putih dan hujan yang mengantar kepergianmu

2011-12-12T08:55:00.000-08:00

Sebut saja aku wanita salju , seseorang yang dingin hati dan tak mengerti tentang apa itu 'Sahabat' . Tahun ajaran baru , semua orang mendapatkan teman-teman baru dan aku berfikir bahwa itu tidak menyenangkan , terutama untuk aku yang sangat tidak memikirkan apa itu teman atau sahabat karena menurutku pada akhirnya akan selalu berakhir dengan pengkhianatan dan ketidak jujuran . Dari sanalah semua berawal , orang-orang menjulukiku sebagai wanita salju yang selalu berdingin hati kepada siapapun .

Pagi itu , mega-mega indah warnanya dan saat aku tiba di sekolah ada seorang laki-laki yang memasuki kelasku dan tiba-tiba sosok itu mendekatiku seolah dia telah kenal denganku , aku hanya memasang wajah tak tahu apa-apa tapi tiba-tiba dia berkata "Kamu Teman masa kecilku kan?"

Aku sangat bingung sekali karena dia melontarkan pertanyaan yang aneh "Siapa kamu? Emang aku kenal? Sorry salah orang" aku langsung ingin pergi dari bangkuku itu karena ini semua sangat gila , ada seorang laki-laki yang tak kukenal tapi tiba-tiba datang menghampiriku dan berbicara bahwa aku teman masa lalunya, ini konyol

Langkahku terhenti karena tiba-tiba aku merasakan sakit dibagian dadaku dan otakku merasa sangat tertekan sekali , ada apa ini? Mengapa aku seperti lemah begini?. Aku langsung pergi ke UKS dan mencari obat sakit kepala tetapi ternyata obat itu tidak berefek kepadaku. Dalam hitungan detik tiba-tiba saja aku benar0benar ingin beristirahat tetapi ternyata aku pingsan.

Pertama aku membuka mata, kedua orang tuaku sudah berdiri di depanku , aku mencium bau obat-obatan dan ternyata ini adalah rumah sakit. Dokter memberiku surat peringatan agar aku tidak mengikuti jam pelajaran praktek olahraga, tapi menurutku itu akan sangat membosankan karena aku tidak dapat bermain futsal lagi. Ke esokan harinya , aku tidak dapat mengikuti futsal karena surat yang diberi oleh dokter dan akupun terdiam di sudut lapangan, tidak ada satupun orang yang mau bermain denganku, tiba-tiba ada seorang laki-laki yang menghampiriku dan itu tidak lain adalah laki-laki aneh yang kemarin. "Mau main futsal denganku tidak? Apa kamu tidak mempunyai nyali hingga hanya bisa berdiam di sudut lapangan ini sendiri."

"Diam kau, aku berani, okeh kita tanding"

Pertandingan futsal itu berlangsung hanya dengan dua orang pemain, hebatnya aku selalu mencetak gol, entah mengapa kali ini aku merasa tidak kesepian lagi.

"Bagaimana? Apa kau ingat waktu dulu kita selalu main bersama?"

permainan futsal itu menjadi terhenti karena aku akan sangat tidak bersemnagat jika membahas tentang hal ini lagi , ini tak ada guananya.

"Dengar yah Boy , aku tidak kenal kamu , bahkan kamu tidak kenal aku tetapi begitu lancang kamu buat aku seperti aku lupa atau sebagainyalah , terima kasih telah menemaniku bermain tetapi aku muak membahas hal bodoh ini"

Aku meninggalkan laki-laki itu begitu saja.

Hari-haripun berlalu, aku mendapatkan info yang banyak tentang laki-laki aneh itu, ternyata namanya adalah Radit dia adalah anggota tim basket yang handal tetapi dia sangat lemah jika bermain futsal. Aku merasa sangat aneh karena mengapa dia mau bermain futsal denganku kalau dia tidak bisa bermain sama sekali dan itu pasti akan membuatnya sangat malu, dia adalah top idol di sekolah ini tetapi aku tidak peduli tentang itu, yang aku fikirkan 'Mengapa Top Idol itu sangat aneh?'.

Pulang dari sekolah aku masih mengerjakan LKS Matematika , tiba-tiba mamah membereskan semua album foto dan akupun jadi ingin melihat semua kenangan ketika aku kecil tetapi dari situlah semua kebenaran mulai terungkap , ternyata aku melupakan seseorang yang ada pada masa laluku, awalnya aku sedikit kebingungan karena aku tak dapat mengingat sama sekali siapa nama orang ini dan dia adalah siapa dimasa laluku

"Teh, ini Radit, temen waktu di Bandung"

"Siapa? Radit yang mana?"

dugaan dokter selama ini benar, semenjak aku mengalami cedera karena aku jatuh bdari lantai tiga dan kepalaku terbentur sangat keras saat aku berumur 4 tahun ternyata aku melupakan setengah memori masa laluku tapi mengapa harus satu objek yang kulupakan? Apakah masuk akal amnesia hanya melupakan satu orang saja? Ini bukan sinetron. Ternyata Radit bukanlah orang yang aneh atau gila tetapi itu adalah nyatanya, aku telah melupakan seseorang yang menjadi temanku selama 2 tahun.

Di sudut ruangan kelasku, semua orang malah asik sendiri dengan kubu-kubunya tetapi aku netral atau sama sekali tidak berkomunikasi dengan orang-orang yang ada disini. Radit tetap kokoh akan pendiriannya dan berusaha mengingatkanku dengan masa lalu yang kita lewati dulu, hari ini dia membawa gelembung udara yang ditiup

"Dini, lihat ini, kita dulu sering bermain ini saat masih kecil, kamu ingatkan?"

"Radit, memang semua itu benar tapi maaf aku benar-benar tidak ingat apapun tentang kamu, mungkin kamu tahu tentang kejadian di masa lalu yang menimpa aku kan?"

"Aku tahu, aku harap aku dapat mengingatkan kamu pada masalalu dan aku tidak akan menyerah"

Radit sangat menaruh harapan besar agar aku bisa ingat semua masalalu itu tapi ini tidak mungkin rasanya karena ingatanku tentang dia benar-benar nihil.

Hari-haripun telah berganti menjadi bulan tetapi Radit memang terus saja berusaha mengingatkanku pada masa kecilku dengan dia, padahal aku hanya teman masa kecilnya, aku bukan orang yang terlalu berharga dihidupnya 'hanya teman masa kecil'. Radit sangat senang bila aku mengajarinya Matematika dan selama ini kita berganti posisi, dia mengajariku tentang apa itu pusi dan sastra, kadang aku tidak mengerti karena bahasanya terlalu berlebihan namun itu indah. Aku mulai mengerti dan sadar bahwa ini adalah seorang Sahabat, Radit adalah sahabat pertamaku. Selama ini aku merasa kesepian namun kini tidak, bahkan ada yang lebih bisa mengerti aku dibandingkan yang lainnya. Radit mengetahui penyakit yang aku derita, dia selalu ada di setiap aku benar-benar butuh tempat untuk bercerita tentang kronologi problematika,sahabat setia yang selalu ada untukku.

Pagi itu aku, keluargaku, Radit dan keluarga Radit pergi ke Bandung, tepatnya ke tempat yang dulu, saat aku masih kecil. Radit mengajakku berkeliling dan ternyata aku di bawa ke tempat yang indah seperti alam yang aku mimpi-mimpikan. Ada satu pohon besar di tengah rumput-rumput yang hijau. Aku dan Radit berlari ke tempat itu dan Radit mengingatkanku pada tulisan alif,ba,ta,tsa yang aku ukir di pohon ketika kami berdua bersekolah di playgroup An-Nissa tetapi sungguh aku tidak ingat. Raut Radit selalu tidak berubah, dia tetap bersemnagat dan pantang menyerah. Aku benar-benar tidak ingat semua kenangan tentang Radit. Mengapa orang yang berharga harus benar-benar kusakiti Ya Allah? Aku akan berusaha agar aku bisa mengingat kenangan saat kita bersama.

Hampir 5 bulan semua usaha itu telah dilakukan, hari ini aku diajak bermain ke rumah Radit karena orang tuanya akan pergi ke luar kota. Radit adalah pribadi yang sangat mandiri dan selalu saja dia tidak akan lepas dengan motor hitamnya. Tetapi tadi malam aku mendengar bahwa Radit mengalami kecelakaan yang cukup serius

"Radit, kamu ga apa-apa?"

"Aku ga apa-apa ko tenang ajah haha" Radit masih tersenyum seperti tidak apa-apa tadi malam

"Kamu tuh ya, kamu kalau habis kecelakaan harusnya istirahat. Eh ini malah mandiin motor"

"Udah dini, ga usah khawatir ya, selama motor ini ga apa-apa pasti aku ga apa-apa, motor ini kuat pasti aku juga kuat, kan aku majikannya haha"

Tertawa dan tersenyum , itulah yang selalu kulihat pada wajah Radit, seperti tidak mempunyai beban yang berat. Aku iri kepada Radit, seandainya aku bisa seperti dia dan tidak mempunyai penyakit sehingga bisa tertawa dan tersenyum di setiap harinya.

Siang itu mentari begitu bersirnar dengan terang, aku lebih menyukai hujan dibandingkan panas karena aku lebih bersahabat dengan hujan, walaupun aku hujan-huajanan selama 4 jam namun aku tidak pernah sakit, hujan adalah hal yang bisa membuatku tersenyum. Tiba-tiba panas mentari membuatku sangat pusing sekali dan kondisi tubuhku tiba-tiba menjadi lemah sehingga aku menjadi terjatuh dari tangga sekolah dan itu cukup menyita setiap waktuku. Saat aku mulai tersadar, aku mulai mendengar percakapan dokter dan papahku, aku hanya pura-pura kalau aku masih belum sadar tetapi sungguh percakapn itu sangat mengejamkan dan aku tak ingin mendengar percakapan dokter lagi

"Anak bapa mungkin umurnya takkan panjang lagi, mungkin sampai nusia 17 atau 18 tahun lagi"

"Apa tidak ada cara lain dok? Saya mohon dok, berapapun biayanya akan saya keluarkan"

"Bukan begitu, cara satu-satunya dia dapat memerangi penyakitnya karena penyakitnya dia dari tahun-tahun semakin kelihatan sehingga menyebabkan dia menjadi lemah"

Percakapan singkat itu cukup membuatku terpukul dan tak berdaya, sungguh aku ingin berteriak dan mengapa dokter bisa memvonis semua itu ? Padahal dia bukan Tuhan.

Ayahku dan dokter pergi keluar untuk menunjukan hasil cek-upku dari tahun ke tahun.

Air mataku benar-benar tak bisa tertahan tapi tanpa di duga Radit datang dan aku langsung membuka kedua mataku, aku tak bercerita tenntang apa yang kudengar tadi tetapi aku malah tersenyum karena kau tidak mau mengkhawatirkan Radit lagi. Radit datang membawakanku setangkai nlily putih, entah mengapa dia memberiku lily karena sebelumnya Radit tidak pernah memberiku hadiah.

"Ini untuk kamu"

"Apa ini ? Lily untuk aku ?"

"Ya, walaupun aku tahu kamu tidak suka bunga tetapi aku berharap ini adalah bunga pertama yang akan kamu suka. Aku melihat Lily ini seperti kamu"

"Seperti aku ?"

"Warna putih melambangkan kepolosan, dan kamu walaupun terhias oleh warna apapun tetapi warnamu yang sebenarnya adalah putih"

"Terima kasih yah Radit kamu memang sahabat terbaiki yang aku punya"

"Sama-sama, tetapi dini aku punya satu permintaan untuk kamu. Tolong jangan kamu coba inget kenangan yang lalu lagi karena aku gamau kamu celaka gara-gara aku din. Kamu cukup mengingat aku yang sekarang, kamu cukup inget gimana waktu aku berusaha ngingetin kamu sama kengan yang dulu, itu udah cukup membuatku bahagia"

"Tapi, kenapa ? Aku ingin balas semua kebaikan kamu dengan cara mengingat masa lalu itu. Apa itu salah ? Kamu ajah bisa ngenalin aku walaupun kita udah 9 tahun udah ga ketemu"

"Karena aku mengenal kamu sebagai Dini , mau jadi apapun kamu nanti di mata aku sama ingatan aku tetep ajah kamu adalah Dini dan ga pernah berubah dan kamupun harus bisa inget aku sebagai Radit yang sekarang, sahabat masa lalu kamu :)"

Ucapan itu sangat membuatku terpukul dan sedih, aku kagum akan sosok Radit, sahabat pertamaku.Andai saja aku dapat membalas semua kebaikan dia tetapi dari tadi mataku cukup curiga dengan buku tebal yang Radit bawa namun dia mencoba sembunyikan di balik badannya. Hujanpun turun dengan deras, angin ribut benar-benar menghiasi malam yang larut ini. Raditpun segera pulang ke rumahnya dan untuk sejenak aku merasa harus berjuang untuk memerangi penyakit ini karena aku masih ingin berbuat baik kepada orang-orang yang menyayangiku. Berselang berpuluh-puluh menit kemudia ada sebuah kabar yang membuatku sangat terhentak bahkan jatuh pingsan karena Radit mengalami kecelakaan yang sangat parah sehingga tubuhnya menjadi hancur, dokter segera memberikan obat penenang kepadaku yang sedang menangis histeris itu.

Ya Allah , aku ingin ini mimpiku, mimpi buruk yang dimana kala aku terbangun, aku bisa melihat sosok Radit lagi. Tetapi ini nyata dan menyakitkan untukku menerima semua ini, aku terbangun dari biusan obat itu dan tiba-tiba di TV ada siaran berita yang membahas tentang kecelakaan Radit. Mengapa harus hujan? Aku sangat menyukai hujan tapi mengapa hujan yang membawa Radit pergi? Apakah hujan mendukung kepergian Radit atau menangisi kepergian Radit?

Radit tewas karena bertabrakan dengan Truk dan tubuhnya benar-benar hancur seperti motor yang dikendarainya,

"Motor ini ga apa-apa kan ? Berarti aku juga ga apa-apa, aku akan seperti motor ini yang kuat"

Ucapan itu terngiang tapi mengapa harus seperti ini? Andai dapat kucegah semua kata-kata itu keluar dari mulutnya karena manusia bukanlah mesin, Apakah kata-kata yang tadi adalah kata-kata terakhir? Walaupun tubuhku masih lemah namun aku memaksakan diri untuk keluar dari kamarku , aku segera mengambil infusanku tetapi aku tak kuat dan terjatuh lagi, terpaksa aku melepaskan infusan itu walaupun sakit seklai namun batin ini yang lebih tersakiti. Orang tuaku berada di depan pintu ruang inapku dan disana terlihat orang tua Radit yang sangat sedih bahkan menangis. Orang tua Radit bercerita bahwa sebelumnya Radit menderita penyakit yang cukup parah dan rencananya akhir tahun Radit akan pindah untuk melakukan pengobatan. Orang tuaku mencegah aku keluar dari ruang inap tetapi aku ingin mendengar tentang kabar Radit, Mamah Radit hanya menangis dan memberikan buku tebal dan ternyata itu adalah album foto yang masih berlumuran darah, pastinya darah Radit, akupun tak kuat melihat semua masa lalu itu dan akupun jatuh pingsan karena syock mendengar ini semua.

sebulan penuh aku berada di rumah sakit, tanpa ada yang menemani tak ada yang mengajakku bercanda dan bermain lagi, kali ini aku butuh sesosok Radit untuk menemaniku, sahabat pertamaku. Radit telah mengajariku banyak hal, tentang teman, sahabat dan keluarga. Radit mampu membuat aku menjadi diriku sendiri bukan sosok yang aku benci, tetapi saat pemakaman Radit aku tidak hadir karena aku masih dalam keadaan yang kurang sehat, bahkan melihat mayatnyapun aku tidak melihat sama sekali, hanya darah yang ada di album, kata-kata terakhir dan Mungkin Allah tidak mengizinkan aku melihat Radit terlelap. Tadinya aku yang mengira bahwa aku yang akan pergi ke tempat abadi terlelap namun kenapa harus hal yang tidak terduga? Ini diluar batas kemampuan aku berfikir.Radit mengetahui penyakit yang aku derita selama dan diapun sama , mempunyai penyakit yang parah tetapi dia selallu merawatku dan jahatnya dia tidak menceritakan tentang penyakit yang di deritanya itu. Hari ini aku akan berkunjung ke kuburan Radit, aku membawakan bunga Lily seperti waktu itu, aku juga membawakankumpulan puisi yang telah kubuat selama Radit mengajariku mebuat puisi hingga Radit terlelap disana.Aku harap aku takkan kehilangan seseorang seperti ini, cukup ini cerminan yang besar dan aku tidak ingin mengalami kehilangan untuk kedua kalinya, aku akan menjaga orang yang aku sayang dan berharga dihidupku bahkan kalau harus kukorbankan ragaku aku rela karena sungguh ini menyakitkan dan berat untuk aku katakan ringan.

"Radit seperti permintaan terakhirmu, aku akan menurutinya dan aku akan menepatinya, aku bawakan Lily dan puisi untuk kamu, kamu adalah sahabat pertama dan sahabat terbaik dalam hidupku, berbahagialah dalam lelapmu Radit"

galaksi

2011-12-08T20:25:00.000-08:00

Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Langsung ke: navigasi, cari
Galaksi NGC 4414, spiral galaksi pada rasi bintang Coma Berenices, berdiameter sekitar 17.000 parsec dan berjarak 20 juta parsec.

Galaksi adalah sebuah sistem yang terikat oleh gaya gravitasi yang terdiri atas bintang (dengan segala bentuk manifestasinya, antara lain bintang neutron dan lubang hitam), gas dan debu kosmik medium antarbintang, dan kemungkinan substansi hipotetis yang dikenal dengan materi gelap.[1][2] Kata galaksi berasal dari bahasa Yunani galaxias [γαλαξίας], yang berarti "susu," yang merujuk pada galaksi Bima Sakti (bahasa Inggris: Milky Way). Tipe-tipe galaksi berkisar dari galaksi kerdil dengan sepuluh juta[3] (107) bintang hingga galaksi raksasa dengan satu triliun [4] (1012) bintang, semuanya mengorbit pada pusat galaksi. Matahari adalah salah satu bintang di galaksi Bima Sakti; tata surya termasuk bumi dan semua benda yang mengorbit matahari.

Kemungkinan terdapat lebih dari 100 miliar (1011) galaksi pada alam semesta teramati.[5] Sebagian besar galaksi berdiameter 1000 hingga 100.000 [4] parsec dan biasanya dipisahkan oleh jarak yang dihitung dalam jutaan parsec (atau megaparsec).[6] Ruang antar galaksi terisi dengan gas yang memiliki kerapatan massa kurang dari satu atom per meter kubik. Sebagian besar galaksi diorganisasikan ke dalam sebuah himpunan yang disebut klaster, untuk kemudian membentuk himpunan yang lebih besar yang disebut superklaster. Struktur yang lebih besar ini dikelilingi oleh ruang hampa di dalam alam semesta.[7]

Meskipun belum dipahami secara menyeluruh, materi gelap terlihat menyusun sekitar 90% dari massa sebagian besar galaksi. Data pengamatan menunjukkan lubang hitam supermasif kemungkinan ada pada pusat dari banyak (kalau tidak semua) galaksi.
Daftar isi
[sembunyikan]

* 1 Etimologi
* 2 Tipe dan morfologi
o 2.1 Eliptik
o 2.2 Spiral
o 2.3 Morfologi lain
* 3 Catatan
* 4 Referensi

[sunting] Etimologi

Kata galaksi diturunkan dari istilah bahasa Yunani untuk Milky Way (galaksi kita), galaxias (γαλαξίας), atau kyklos galaktikos. Kata ini berarti "lingkaran susu", sesuai dengan penampakannya di angkasa. Dalam mitologi Yunani, Zeus menempatkan anak laki-lakinya yang dilahirkan oleh manusia biasa, bayi Heracles, pada payudara Hera ketika Hera sedang tidur sehingga bayi tersebut meminum susunya dan karena itu menjadi manusia abadi. Hera terbangun ketika sedang menyusui dan kemudian menyadari ia sedang menyusui bayi yang tak dikenalnya: ia mendorong bayi tersebut dan air susunya menyembur mewarnai langit malam, menghasilkan pita cahaya tipis yang dikenal dalam bahasa Inggris sebagai Milky Way (jalan susu).[8]
[sunting] Tipe dan morfologi
Jenis-jenis galaksi berdasarkan sistem klasifikasi Hubble. E merupakan tipe galaksi eliptik, S merupakan galaksi spiral, dan SB merupakan galaksi spiral berbatang.[note 1]

Galaksi dapat dikelompokkan dalam tiga jenis utama: eliptik, spiral dan irregular. Karena sistem klasifikasi Hubble hanya berdasarkan pada pengamatan visual, klasifikasi ini mungkin melewatkan beberapa karakteristik penting dari galaksi, seperti laju pembentukan bintang (di galaksi starburst) dan aktivitas inti galaksi (di galaksi aktif).[9]
[sunting] Eliptik

Sistem klasifikasi Hubble membedakan galaksi eliptik berdasarkan tingkat keelipsannya, dari E0 yang hampir berupa lingkaran, hingga E7 yang sangat lonjong. Galaksi tersebut memiliki bentuk dasar elipsoid, sehingga tampak elips dari berbagai sudut pandang. Galaksi tipe ini tampak memiliki sedikit struktur dan sedikit materi antar bintang, sehingga galaksi tersebut memiliki sedikit gugus terbuka dan laju pembentukan bintang yang lambat. Galaksi tipe ini didominasi oleh bintang yang berumur tua yang mengorbit pusat gravitasi dengan arah yang acak. Dalam hal tersebut, galaksi tipe ini mirip dengan gugus bola.[10]

The largest galaxies are giant ellipticals. Many elliptical galaxies are believed to form due to the interaction of galaxies, resulting in a collision and merger. They can grow to enormous sizes (compared to spiral galaxies, for example), and giant elliptical galaxies are often found near the core of large galaxy clusters.[11] Galaksi starburst merupakan akibat dari tabrakan antar galaksi dan dapat menghasilkan pembentukan galaksi eliptik.[10]
[sunting] Spiral
Galaksi Whirlpool (kiri), sebuah galaksi spiral tanpa batang.

Galaksi spiral terdiri dari piringan berupa bintang dan materi antar bintang yang berotasi, serta gembung pusat yang terdiri dari bintang-bintang tua. Terdapat lengan spiral yang menjulur dari gembung pusat. Dalam sistem klasifikasi Hubble, galaksi spiral ditandai sebagai tipe S, diikuti huruf (a, b, atau c) yang menunjukkan tingkat kerapatan dari lengan spiral dan ukuran dari gembung pusat. Galaksi Sa memiliki lengan spiral yang kurang jelas dan membelit secara rapat, serta gembung pusat yang relatif besar. Sedangkan galaksi Sc memiliki lengan spiral yang terbuka dan gembung pusat yang relatif kecil.[12]
NGC 1300, contoh galaksi spiral berbatang.

Sebagian besar galaksi spiral memiliki bentuk batang linier yang memanjang ke dua sisi dari gembung inti, yang kemudian bergabung dengan struktur lengan spiral.[13] Di sistem klasifikasi Hubble, galaksi ini dikategorikan sebagai SB, dan diikuti huruf (a, b atau c) yang mengindikasikan bentuk lengan spiralnya. Batang galaksi diperkirakan merupakan struktur sementara yang disebabkan oleh gelombang kejut dari inti galaksi, atau karena interaksi pasang surut dengan galaksi lain.[14] Banyak galaksi spiral berbatang yang berinti aktif, kemungkinan karena adanya gas yang menuju ke inti melalui lengan spiral.[15]

Galaksi Bima Sakti merupakan galaksi spiral berbatang ukuran besar[16] dengan diameter sekitar 30 kiloparsecs dan ketebalan sekitar satu kiloparsec. Bima Sakti memiliki sekitar 200 milyar (2×1011)[17] bintang dengan massa total sekitar 600 juta (6×1011) kali massa Matahari.[18]
[sunting] Morfologi lain
Hoag's Object, merupakan galaksi cincin.

Galaksi aneh (peculiar galaxies) merupakan galaksi yang memiliki sifat-sifat yang tidak biasa karena interaksi pasang surut dengan galaksi lain. Contohnya adalah galaksi cincin, yang memiliki struktur mirip cincin berupa bintang dan materi antar bintang yang mengelilingi inti kosong. Galaksi cincin diperkirakan terbentuk saat galaksi kecil melewati inti galaksi yang lebih besar.[19] Kejadian tersebut mungkin terjadi pada galaksi Andromeda yang memiliki beberapa struktur mirip cincin jika diamati pada spektrum inframerah.[20]

Galaksi lenticular merupakan bentuk pertengahan yang memiliki sifat baik dari galaksi eliptik maupun galaksi spiral, dan dikategorikan sebagai tipe S0 dan memiliki lengan spiral yang samar-samar serta halo bintang berbentuk eliptik.[21] (Barred lenticular galaxies receive Hubble classification SB0.)
NGC 5866, merupakangalaksi lenticular. NASA/ESA
[sunting] Catatan

lubang hitam

2011-12-08T20:22:00.000-08:00

Lubang hitam adalah sebuah pemusatan massa yang cukup besar sehingga menghasilkan gaya gravitasi yang sangat besar. Gaya gravitasi yang sangat besar ini mencegah apa pun lolos darinya kecuali melalui perilaku terowongan kuantum. Medan gravitasi begitu kuat sehingga kecepatan lepas di dekatnya mendekati kecepatan cahaya. Tak ada sesuatu, termasuk radiasi elektromagnetik yang dapat lolos dari gravitasinya, bahkan cahaya hanya dapat masuk tetapi tidak dapat keluar atau melewatinya, dari sini diperoleh kata "hitam". Istilah "lubang hitam" telah tersebar luas, meskipun ia tidak menunjuk ke sebuah lubang dalam arti biasa, tetapi merupakan sebuah wilayah di angkasa di mana semua tidak dapat kembali. Secara teoritis, lubang hitam dapat memliki ukuran apa pun, dari mikroskopik sampai ke ukuran alam raya yang dapat diamati.
[sunting] Sejarah

Teori adanya lubang hitam pertama kali diajukan pada abad ke-18 oleh John Michell and Pierre-Simon Laplace, selanjutnya dikembangkan oleh astronom Jerman bernama Karl Schwarzschild, pada tahun 1916, dengan berdasar pada teori relativitas umum dari Albert Einstein, dan semakin dipopulerkan oleh Stephen William Hawking. Pada saat ini banyak astronom seperti charis yang percaya bahwa hampir semua galaksi dialam semesta ini mengelilingi lubang hitam pada pusat galaksi.

Adalah John Archibald Wheeler pada tahun 1967 yang memberikan nama "Lubang Hitam" sehingga menjadi populer di dunia bahkan juga menjadi topik favorit para penulis fiksi ilmiah. Kita tidak dapat melihat lubang hitam akan tetapi kita bisa mendeteksi materi yang tertarik / tersedot ke arahnya. Dengan cara inilah, para astronom mempelajari dan mengidentifikasikan banyak lubang hitam di angkasa lewat observasi yang sangat hati-hati sehingga diperkirakan di angkasa dihiasi oleh jutaan lubang hitam.
[sunting] Asal-mula lubang hitam

Lubang Hitam tercipta ketika suatu obyek tidak dapat bertahan dari kekuatan tekanan gaya gravitasinya sendiri. Banyak obyek (termasuk matahari dan bumi) tidak akan pernah menjadi lubang hitam. Tekanan gravitasi pada matahari dan bumi tidak mencukupi untuk melampaui kekuatan atom dan nuklir dalam dirinya yang sifatnya melawan tekanan gravitasi. Tetapi sebaliknya untuk obyek yang bermassa sangat besar, tekanan gravitasi-lah yang menang.

Massa dari lubang hitam terus bertambah dengan cara menangkap semua materi didekatnya. Semua materi tidak bisa lari dari jeratan lubang hitam jika melintas terlalu dekat. Jadi obyek yang tidak bisa menjaga jarak yang aman dari lubang hitam akan terhisap. Berlainan dengan reputasi yang disandangnya saat ini yang menyatakan bahwa lubang hitam dapat menghisap apa saja disekitarnya, lubang hitam tidak dapat menghisap material yang jaraknya sangat jauh dari dirinya. dia hanya bisa menarik materi yang lewat sangat dekat dengannya. Contoh : bayangkan matahari kita menjadi lubang hitam dengan massa yang sama. Kegelapan akan menyelimuti bumi dikarenakan tidak ada pancaran cahaya dari lubang hitam, tetapi bumi akan tetap mengelilingi lubang hitam itu dengan jarak dan kecepatan yang sama dengan saat ini dan tidak terhisap masuk kedalamnya. Bahaya akan mengancam hanya jika bumi kita berjarak 10 mil dari lubang hitam, hal ini masih jauh dari kenyataan bahwa bumi berjarak 93 juta mil dari matahari. Lubang hitam juga dapat bertambah massanya dengan cara bertubrukan dengan lubang hitam yang lain sehingga menjadi satu lubang hitam yang lebih besar.

Diriku dan mimpiku

2011-11-14T22:07:00.000-08:00

Cinta adalah sekuntum bunga indah menawan

Yang membuaiku dengan peluk hangat kasih sayang

Lembut dekapan naluri pengertian

Ungkapan kebaikan dan kejujuran

Curahkan keindahan senyum kesetiaan

Rangkaian tenang bijak tindakan

Terangkum dalam rajutan kisah kehidupan . . .

Maafkan aku akan segala keinginan cinta ini

Sedapatnya aku mencoba menepikan segala keinginan diri

Akan tetapi apa yang tersirat dari dalam hati

Tak dapat dan tak mampu kuingkari lagi

Tak perlu dirimu ku cumbui dengan berjuta kata janji

Kau datang dan mengerti

Mencintaiku dengan setia setulus hati

Kau datang dan menemani

Menambatkan cinta didalam diri ini

Terimakasih Tuhan atas perasaan cinta yang Kau anugerahkan

Mempertemukan perbedaan dalam suatu kisah perjalanan

Menyatukan serakan puing-puing hati dalam satu kepastian

Menghapus kehampaan saat hati dalam kesendirian

Menguatkan langkah ketika tak ada lagi tujuan

Semakin memberi makna rangkaian kisah kehidupan

Datanglah sejenak untuk ku mencari makna

Arti diriku dalam kesekian mimpi indahmu . . .

From :RA

(Terimakasih atas setiap rangkaian kata yang telah kau buat)

Segudang tanda tanya

2011-11-04T20:13:00.000-07:00

Kali ini aku berdiri
Tepatnya di hadapan rumput-rumput yang menari
Bermain kata,
Bermain mimpi,
Berlari dikala angin mencari
Secarik naskah yang hilang
Yang mungkin telah tenggelam dalam lautan angan
Sinar mentari memanaskan akal yang berputar
Tak ada sebuah prediksi ataupun kalimat utama
Hanya ada sebongkah tanya
Sebongkah tanya tentang mimpi
Sebongkah tanya dikala hati tersakiti
Sebongkah tanya dikala malam berganti
Aku hanya sendiri
Mengubah tanda tanya tanpa ada yang menemani
Dapatkah kuwujudkan?
Dalam nada-nada tanpa notasi
Melihat segudang tanya dalam langkah kaki

Kronolgi kematian Marco Simoncelli

2011-10-24T06:36:00.000-07:00

Pembalap MotoGP asal Italia Marco Simoncelli meninggal setelah kecelakaan mengerikan di Grand Prix Malaysia di Sepang, Minggu, 23 Oktober 2011.

Simoncelli, 24, jatuh pada lap kedua setelah tak mampu mengendalikan kendaraannya saat berebut posisi empat.

Nahasnya, di belakang Simoncelli ada Colin Edwards. Tabrakan pun tak bisa dihindari. Edwards terlihat berusaha mengerem kendaraan tapi gagal. Sedangkan Rossi yang sempat oleng berhasil mengendalikan Ducatinya.

"Dia mengalami trauma yang sangat serius di kepala, leher, dan dada," kata Direktur medis Grand Prix Malaysia Michele Macchiagodena seperti dikutip Reuters, Minggu 23 September 2011.

Saat petugas medis menolongnya, Simoncelli yang memperkuat tim Honda Gresini tak sadarkan diri. Ketika berada di dalam ambulance, detak jantungnya berhenti, sehingga petugas medis melakukan cardiac pulmonary resuscitation (CPR), yakni teknik pertolongan pertama pada korban untuk menormalkan detak jantung.

Sesampainya di Medical Center, dengan bantuan staf dokter, ia diintubasi untuk mengeluarkan darah dari rongga throax. "Usaha CPR dilanjutkan sampai 45 menit berikutnya, karena kami berusaha menolongnya selama mungkin," katanya.

Sayangnya mereka tak dapat menolongnya. Pada pukul 16.56 atau 15.56 WIB, Simoncelli dinyatakan meninggal dunia. Sejumlah klub sepak bola yang bertanding semalam, mengheningkan cipta untuk kepergian Simoncelli.

Sementara itu, pembalap Yamaha, Edwards juga sempat terjatuh dari sepeda motornya, tapi tidak terluka serius. Sedangkan Rossi mampu membujuk Ducati kembali ke pit.

Macchiagodena menambahkan, "(Edwards) mengalami dislokasi bahu dan dengan anestesi bahu sekarang dalam keadaan baik-baik saja."

Moto GP tidak akan bersinar lagi setelah kepergian Simoncelli

2011-10-24T06:25:00.001-07:00

Simoncelli atau pria yang memiliki nama lengkap Marco Simoncelli adalah pembalap termuda di MotoGP . Sayangnya kecelakaan yang tragis menimpa pembalap motor asal Itali ini dan Simoncelli mengalami luka yang parah yang menyebabkan dia meninggal . Pria yang berambut keriting ini tewas di Malaysia dan MotoGP menjadi dihentikan . Marco Simoncelli tewas akibat kecelakaan di Sirkuit Sepang, Malaysia, Minggu (23/10/2011). Dokter dari pihak tim medis MotoGP, menyatakan penyebab kematian adalah sejumlah luka serius di kepala, leher dan dada.

Direktur tim medis MotoGP, Michele Macchiagodena mengatakan pembalap Tim Honda Gresini itu tak sadar saat anggota tim medis menjemputnya di lintasan balap. Mereka memberikan pertolongan pertama berupa CPR (napas buatan) baik di mobil ambulans maupun selama 45 menit di pusat medis MotoGP. Namun upaya itu tak mampu menyelamatkan Simoncelli.

"Akibat tabrakan hebat saat balapan oleh pembalap lain, dia dilaporkan mengalami luka serius di kepala, leher dan dada," kata Macchiagodena dikutip Eurosport.

Saat tiba di pusat medis dia segera diberi pertolongan dengan intubasi (pemasangan selang napas) dan bisa mengeluarkan darah dari rongga dada.

"Sayangnya itu tidak bisa menolongnya dan pada 16.56 kami mengumumkan dia telah tiada," ujar sang dokter.

Direktur Balapan, Paul Butler mengatakan kecelakaan akan diinvestigasi. Barter menyampaikan simpati mendalam kepada keluarga Simoncelli. "Kami ingin menyampaikan penghormatan kepadanya," ujar Barter. (*)

ini Fakta

2011-10-24T06:17:00.000-07:00

Arah yang tak menentu
Apakah kau yang datangkan sendiri ?
Kesepian selubungi lentera hati
Menyihir dengan mantra - mantra kuno
Kokoh bilik - bilik yang rapuh
Tak selemah ilalang yang diterpa angin
Apakah dunia ini berputar ?
Jikalau benar apakah bah pelita juga berputar ?
Mengapa harus ada siang dan malam ?
Jikalau sedih tak pernah bisa teruraikan
Bah diksi tercurah dalam keheningan sang embun
Menghapus dan menghilang
Bagai asap disaat bumi ini panas
Aku harap bukan sebongkah tanya yang akan mengganggu hidupku
Tapi jawaban yang nyata

Mega - mega indah jika kau pijaki

2011-10-16T05:01:00.000-07:00

Untuk langit yang berhiaskan warnamu
Untuk pelangi yang memancarkan pesona anugerahmu
Untuk kamu yang terjaga dalam abadimu
Dan untuk tuhan yang selalu menjagamu
Sorot matamu memencarkan perisai yang mengharapkanku
Lelah hati menghindari rasamu
Mewujudkan cita tak lumpuh oleh waktu
Kau terbaik lebih dari harapanku
Kau terindah bagai kasturi harum mewangi
Rindu - rindu pemecah duri
Bah rembulan tetap menyinari
Citra pagi penghapus hari
Kau cinta yang hakiki
Tak mudah bagiku fahami
Tapi aku tak ingin kehilangan tuk sekian kali
Anugerah terindah yang kumiliki
Kutitipkan rasa dan ketulusan
kepada Tuhan yang mencintaimu lebih dari cintaku ini

Baca dan fahami mungkin kau akan mengerti

2011-10-15T05:08:00.000-07:00

Kau adalah hati yang menjadi kekalahankuMungkin anugerah yang Tuhan beri adalah rasaTapi aku tak inginkan ini adaIni bisa hancurkan semua grafik dan diagram batang hidupkuTapi apa daya ?Kau adalah ketulusan yang ingin menguasai akalkuSering ku hancurkan bayangmuAgar kau tak meracunikuAku ingin kau tahu apa yang sebenarnya yang kurasakanBukan hanya sel - sel dalam otakkuKau yang mengharapkan hatikuDengarkanlah ayat - ayat yang selalu kurangkaiTuhan lebih mengetahui apa yang kau rasa dan fikirkanBerbeda jauh denganku yang hanya bisa mendengar semua itu ari lidahmu yang tak bertulangTuhan lebih mengetahui sedang apa kau disanaTidak seperti aku yang harus mengetahui melewati akalmuTuhan lebih mencintaimu dibandingkan akuDan Tuhan lebih bisa menjagamu tanpa harus melukaimuTidak seperti AKUAku akan termakan oleh waktuWalau ku tahu bahwa aku tak ingin kau pergi dari hidupkuTapi maafkanlah aku yang terus coba menjauhimuKarena ini semua dei kebahagiaanmuAku tak ingin kau terlukaSaat aku tak nampak di duniakarya : Yuniasari Megandini

Sahabat Pelangiku

2011-10-14T04:09:00.000-07:00

Sahabat PelangikuKarya : Yuniasari Megandini Di pagi yang cerah itu , aku mulai bosan dengan semua angka yang memutar balikkan akalku . Aku hanyalah anak malas dan tidak ada seorangpun yang mau berteman denganku , mungkin mereka menganggap aku ini tidak ada apa – apanya tapi inilah kenyataannya . Tanganku sangat jeli untuk mematahkan semua pensil yang ada di atas mejaku itu karena aku sangat kesal , otakku sudah memanas tapi mataku tertuju pada seorang gadis yang duduk di sebelah mejaku . Namanya adalah Anna , dia adalah idola di sekolah ini , dia sangat sempurna dan aku berfikir bahwa dia itu tidak mau berteman dengan laki – laki seperti diriku . ‘Andai aku dilahirkan dengan kesempurnaan’ Itulah kata – kata yang selalu ada dalam fikiranku . Tiba – tiba Anna melihat ke arahku sambil tersenyum dengan senyuman manisnya itu tapi aku berpura – pura tidak melihatnya . “Apakah benar dia tadi tersenyum kepadaku ? Padahal aku orang yang paling bodoh di kelas ini” Aku hanya sibuk berbicara pada diriku sendiri sampai – sampai jam pelajaran Matematika telah selesai . Anna menghampiriku yang sedang duduk menyendiri di pojok ruangan kelas itu . “Sepertinya kamu benci pelajaran Matematika yah ?” Anna berbicara dengan senyuman manisnya itu . “ Iya , aku tidak suka karena aku tidak mengerti sama sekali” Aku berbicara dengan nada tidak peduli . “Kalau begitu hari sabtu datang ke rumahku yah ? Nanti aku akan ajarkan kamu Matematika” Anna selalu berkata dengan perkataannya yang halus dan sopan , tapi apakah benar dia akan mengajariku Matematika karena mana mungkin dia mau mengajari orang sepertiku . Di depan pintu kelas sudah banyak anak – anak yang menunggu untuk bisa makan bersama Anna dan aku semakin tak yakin atas ajakan Anna tadi . Tiga haripun telah berlalu , sekarang adalah hari Sabtu dan akalku masih belum meyakini perkataan Anna pada hari itu . Dengan rasa penasaran , aku melangkah ke depan rumah Anna , aku sangat ragu dan malu karena aku gugup sekali , sebelumnya tidak ada yang mau mengajariku karena aku sangat malas dan mungkin akan selamanya malas . Kakiku tepat berada dekat dengan pintu rumah Anna , dengan ragu – ragu kuketuk pintu rumah Anna dan dengan sangat cepat pintu itu terbuka . Anna dan keluarganya menyambut aku dengan senyuman hangat . Dari detik ini , aku mulai berubah fikiran tentang sosok yang bernama Anna . Dia adalah gadis yang baik , setiap ada kesulitan yang aku alami pasti dia akan siap untuk membantu , Anna sekarang adalah sahabatku . Hari – haripun telah berlalu , banyak waktu yang kuhabiskan bersama sahabatku yaitu ‘Anna’ , aku mendapat peningkatan nilai dalam belajar tetapi baru – baru ini ada kabar burung yang tidak baik tentang Anna dan akhir- akhir ini juga Anna jarang masuk sekolah . Aku hanya dapat diam membisu karena aku tidak bisa berbicara dengan lepas dengan yang lainnya .Bel masukpun berbunyi , aku masih merindukan senyuman Anna yang mampu membuat hidupku berubah , senyumannya bagai pelangi dikala mega – mega menangis . Tiba – tiba ada sesosok gadis yang mengetuk pintu kelas dan tidak lain lagi itu adalah ‘Anna’ , aku sangat bahagia sekali tapi teman – temanku di kelas jadi menjauhi bahkan tidak mengganggap Anna ada , padahal sebelum berita buruk ini ada semua orang berebut untuk bisa dekat dengan Anna . Langkah kaki Anna tertuju kepadaku yang berada di pojok kelas itu . Anna menangis dan menceritakan semuanya kepadaku . Dia terkena HIV , akupun sangat terkejut karena aku kira ini hanyalah kabar yang sengaja dibuat untuk menyingkirkan posisi Anna di sekolah ini . Tapi aku tidak akan seperti yang lainnya , aku akan ada untuk Anna karena aku akan mengembalikan senyuman sahabat pelangiku ini . Ternyata penyakit yang diderita oleh Anna sudah lama dan dokter memvonis umur dia tidak akan lama lagi . Aku tidak mau kehilangan sahabatku ini karena dia yang mampu membuatku bangkit kembali . Aku akan benar – benar menjaga Anna untuk hari – hari terakhir dalam hidupnya .

Dua bulanpun telah berlalu dan Anna benar – benar berhenti sekolah karena kondisinya yang semakin memburuk , hanya aku teman yang dia miliki sekarang . Anna sekarang hanya bisa terbaring dengan tubuh lemahnya tapi senyumannya itu tidak pernah pudar dari wajahnya yang bagaikan rembulan . Aku tidak takut tertular HIV karena dulu Anna yang pertama kali membangkitkan semangatku , sahabat terbaik yang ada di dunia ini . Mega – mega menjadi kelabu dan langitpun menangis tapi aku akan tetap pergi ke Rumah Sakit untuk menjenguk Anna . Semua badanku menjadi basah kuyub dan perasaanku menjadi tidak enak , semoga saja tidak terjadi apa – apa kepada Anna . Saat kubuka pintu ruangan dimana Anna dirawat , semua orang disana sedang menangis , aku sangat kebingungan dan berharap firasatku ini tidak menjadi nyata . Anna sedang sekarat , aku ingin ikut menangis tapi aku laki – laki , aku harus mencerminkan ketegaran dan senyuman yang selalu Anna perlihatkan kepadaku . “Jika aku harus pergi , aku minta kamu tetap semangat yah . Aku senang bisa berkenalan denganmu karena kamu adalah sahabat sejati bagiku . Kamu yang setia menemani disaat teman – temanku yang lain menjauhi . Tetaplah tersenyum Dias , karena senyumanmu seperti kanvas bagiku” Perkataan Anna terhenti dalam hembusan nafas terakhirnya . Aku sangat terpukul sekali tetapi aku harus tetap tersenyum seperti amanah yang dititipkan Anna tadi . Semua orang disana sangat terpukul juga layaknya hatiku . Tapi tiba – tiba hujan berhenti dan aku melihat pelangi diluar sana , entah mengapa aku merasa itu adalah senyuman Anna dan aku adalah kanvas baginya . Apapun yang terjadi , aku akan selalu mengingat Anna dan dia masih akan menjadi sahabt pelangiku untuk setiap senyumku .

moon knight

2011-10-14T04:04:00.000-07:00

Moon Knight

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Moon Knight
Cover art for Moon Knight (vol. 4) #1. Art by David Finch.
Publication information
Publisher	Marvel Comics
First appearance	Werewolf by Night #32 (August 1975)
Created by	Doug Moench (writer) Don Perlin (artist)
In-story information
Alter ego	Marc Spector
Team affiliations	West Coast Avengers Defenders "Marvel Knights"
Notable aliases	Steven Grant, Jake Lockley, The Fist of Khonshu
Abilities	Superb athlete and martial artist, Formerly, enhanced strength derived from the phases of the moon, Resistance to some psychic assaults

Moon Knight (Marc Spector) is a fictional character appearing in comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character exists in the Marvel Universe. Created by Doug Moench and Don Perlin. He first appeared in Werewolf by Night #32 (August 1975).

[edit] Publication history

The character debuted in the title Werewolf by Night #32 (August 1975), written by Doug Moench with art by Don Perlin, as an enemy of the title character in a two part story continuing in issue #33. The character proved popular with readers, and was granted a solo spot in Marvel Spotlight #28-29 (1976), written by Doug Moench with art by Don Perlin.

He then had appearances in Spectacular Spider-Man issues #22 and #23, both written by Bill Mantlo with art by Mike Zeck on #22 and Jim Mooney on #23, Marvel Two-In-One #52, written by Steven Grant with art by Jim Craig, and Defenders #47-50. Moon Knight then gained a backup strip in the Hulk! Magazine in issues #11-15, #17-18 and #20, also Marvel Preview #21 (on which he was the cover feature), all written by Doug Moench. Art was done by Gene Colan in #11, Keith Pollard in #12, and Bill Sienkiewicz on the rest. These were reprinted in Moon Knight Special Edition #1-3.

A new ongoing series was then launched, titled Moon Knight, which also had writing by Doug Moench and art by Bill Sienkiewicz. With issue #15, Marvel pulled the series from newstand distribution, resulting in it being only available through direct market purchase at comic book stores. The series continued until #38, at which point the comic was cancelled. A six-issue mini-series, Moon Knight - Fist Of Khonshu, followed the cancellation to wrap up loose ends from the original series involving the character's multiple aliases. Afterwords, the character was incorporated into the pages of West Coast Avengers from issue #19-#41 and Annuals #1-3. After an appearance in Punisher Annual #2 in 1989, the character was once more given an ongoing series, this time titled Marc Spector: Moon Knight. At the time, Moon Knight also had a major guest star role in the pages of Amazing Spider-Man, as Amazing Spider-Man #353-358 served as the conclusion to an ongoing storyline in the pages of the character's title, as far as the character's war with the Secret Empire. The series was ultimately cancelled with issue #60 (March 1994); the last six issues of the series were drawn by Stephan Platt, who was hired by Image Comics based on the strength of his work on the series. Two one-shots were published during the run of the title, (Marc Spector: Moon Knight Special Edition #1 and Moon Knight: Divided We Fall) were published, followed in January 1998 and January 1999 by two further four-issue limited series, which resurrected the character as the 1989 series had ended with the character's death.

A Moon Knight ongoing series was launched in April 2006, written by Charlie Huston with art by David Finch.^[1]^[2]^[3] As of issue 14 of this series, Mike Benson took over writing duties^[4]^[5] with Huston acting as story-outline adviser according to Benson in an interview with Marvel published as a one-page excerpt in various Marvel comic books throughout late 2007 and early 2008.^{[citation needed]} Benson has stated that he plans to shake up the status quo following the storyline "The Death of Marc Spector", which finishes at the end of 2008. The following storyline will see a change of artists with Jefte Paolo taking over the art duties.^[6] Peter Milligan also wrote a 2008 seasonal one-shot "Moon Knight: Silent Knight" with artist Laurence Campbell.^[7]

A new on-going book title Vengeance of the Moon Knight begins in September 2009, written by Gregg Hurwitz and drawn by Jerome Opena^[8].

[edit] Fictional character biography

[edit] Origin

Moon Knight #1
Art by Bill Sienkiewicz.

Born in Chicago, Illinois, Marc Spector is an American rabbi's wayward son. As an adult, Spector spends time as a heavyweight boxer, a U.S. Marine, and a mercenary. He becomes a skilled combatant and befriends the French pilot Jean-Paul DuChamp, whom he calls "Frenchie." While the pair work for the African mercenary Raoul Bushman in Egypt, the group stumble upon an archaeological dig whose crew includes Dr. Peter Alraune and his daughter Marlene. The dig had uncovered an ancient temple where artifacts included a statue of the Egyptian god Khonshu. Intent on looting the dig, Bushman kills Dr. Alraune. In response to Alraune's murder, Spector challenges Bushman to personal combat but is beaten nearly to death and left to die in the sub-zero temperatures of the desert night.

Roaming Egyptians who worship the ancient Egyptian gods find Spector and carry him to their temple. Helpless before the statue of Khonshu, Spector's heart stops. Khonshu appears to him in a vision, offering Spector a second chance at life if he becomes the god's avatar on earth. Spector awakens, wraps himself with the silver shroud that covers Khonshu's statue, and again confronts Bushman. He defeats Bushman and returns to America with Marlene Alraune, Frenchie, and the statue of Khonshu. Deciding to become a crime-fighter, Spector creates a silver cloaked costume, based on the silver shroud, and becomes the Moon Knight.

After his return to the United States, Spector invests the money that he had accumulated as a mercenary and develops a small fortune. To distance himself from his mercenary past he creates the identity of millionaire entrepreneur Steven Grant, using this identity to purchase a spacious estate. To remain in contact with the common man he also creates the identity of taxicab driver Jake Lockley. As Lockley, he has acquired civilian allies such as Bertrand Crawley and Gena Landers and her sons.

In the character's first appearance, the criminal organization the Committee supplies Mark Spector with the name Moon Knight, his costume and weapons to hunt down Jack Russell. In Los Angeles, Moon Knight captures the Werewolf for the Committee, but then frees him and halts the Committee's plans.^[9] In New York, after setting up his identities as Jake Lockley and Steven Grant, he then battled Conquer-Lord.^[10] He then battled his brother Randall, alias the Hatchet-Man.^[11]

His true origin (how he first met Marlene Alraune and Frenchie, fought Roald Bushman, is empowered and thus patterns himself on Khonshu) is later retconned — the original "created by The Committee" storyline being explained away as a ruse set up by Frenchie so that Marc can infiltrate the Committee in an attempt to shut it down.^[12] He then first battled the Midnight Man.^[13] Then, he first battled Morpheus.^[14] He encountered Daredevil, and battled the Jester.^[15] He then first encountered Stained Glass Scarlet.^[16] Later, he battled the Werewolf once again.^[17] He battled Bora, and met the X-Men and the Fantastic Four.^[18] He then encountered Doctor Strange.^[19]

[edit] Fist of Khonshu

During the six-issue Fist of Khonshu mini-series, Spector has abandoned his Moon Knight, Grant and Lockley identities. The cult of Khonshu telepathically summons Spector to Egypt. They give him a small arsenal of moon-themed projectile weaponry, such as throwing discs and crescent-shaped blades, originally designed by a time-traveling Hawkeye in ancient Egypt. Khonshu himself appears to Spector and enters his body, giving him superhuman strength which waxes and wanes with the phases of the moon.^[20]

As the direct agent of Khonshu, he aids the West Coast Avengers, but at the cost of alienating Marlene and Frenchie.^[21] He time travels to 2940 BC to rescue the Avengers, where he learns of his weapons' design by Hawkeye.^[22] He then officially joins the West Coast Avengers.^[23] Moon Knight strikes up a relationship with Tigra that lasts for his remaining tenure on the team.

Eventually, while investigating the Phantom Rider with Daimon Hellstrom, Moon Knight and the Avengers are attacked by soldiers of the Egyptian god Seth, at the time conducting a major invasion of Asgard, who had just discovered his ancient enemy Khonshu on Earth.^{[volume & issue needed]} Khonshu leaves Moon Knight, explaining to Spector before he returns to Heliopolis to battle Seth that it is he and not Spector who wanted to join the Avengers. Upon realizing this, Moon Knight resigns his active status with the team.^[24] Reuniting with Marlene and Frenchi, Moon Knight begins his career of adventuring anew. Although he dies in battle, he is resurrected by the statue of Khonshu.

[edit] Marc Spector: Moon Knight

Marc Spector: Moon Knight #39
Art by Gary Kwapisz.

After "Fist of Khonshu", a third Moon Knight volume was published. It was the longest-running series, lasting sixty issues before ending.

This volume introduces Moon Knight's teenage sidekick Jeff Wilde, also known as "Midnight." Wilde is actually the son of Midnight Man, a villain from the first volume. Moon Knight first encountered the Black Cat and Midnight.^[25] Midnight makes a few appearances until issue #24. Turned into a cyborg by the Secret Empire, Midnight is seemingly killed in the "Round Robin" story arc of Amazing Spider-Man, spanning issues #353-#358. Midnight later reappears in Moon Knight volume 4 where Moon Knight apparently finishes him off for good.^[26]

Alongside the Punisher, he battled ULTIMATUM.^[27] During the "Acts of Vengeance", he battled Killer Shrike, Coachwhip, and the second Ringer.^[28] He then encountered Silver Sable, Sandman, and Paladin.^[29] As Marc Spector, he was tried for murder in Bosqueverde, South America.^[30] He teamed with Spider-Man and the Punisher against the Secret Empire.^[31]

While fighting with his brother Randal Spector over who is destined to carry the mantle of Moon Knight, Marc discovers Khonshu is not the god of vengeance but the god of justice.^[32]

Starting with issue #38, Moon Knight appears in adamantium armor rather than his Kevlar costume. In the comic storyline it is explained that Moon Knight needs the armor to hold his body together after being infected by the then-possessed Hobgoblin. The disease is revealed to be the villain known as Demogoblin trying to possess him. With the help of Doctor Strange and Mister Fantastic, the Demogoblin parasite is removed. In issue #50, Moon Knight seemingly severs his ties to the Avengers by burning his membership ID card after being brought in by Thor to answer charges in regard to his illegal actions against Dr Doom. By the end of the series, Moon Knight is killed violently, sacrificing himself to save his loved ones from a computerized villain called Seth and his "Zero Hour" program.

[edit] Resurrection War

In 1998, writer Doug Moench, artist Tommy Edwards, and inker Robert Campanella brought the deceased hero back in a four-part mini series. In 1999, Moench and artist Mark Texeira worked together on another four-part series called "High Strangeness" which was nominated for the Comics Buyer's Guide Fan award for Favorite Limited Series. (The title of the story was mistakenly given as "High Strangers" on the covers of the limited series. The correct title of the story, "High Strangeness," appeared on the title page of each issue.)

[edit] Minor appearances

In 1998 Spector uses his Ka to help a critically injured Black Panther through the Kingdom of the Dead.^{[volume & issue needed]} In 2001 and 2002 Moon Knight joins the "Marvel Knights" non-team. After making a brief appearance in the "Avengers Disassembled" story-arc, he makes a minor return in the 2005 Marvel Team-Up miniseries, fighting alongside Spider-Man, Daredevil and the Punisher.

[edit] Moon Knight, 2006 ongoing

The first arc of the 2006 re-launch by writer Charlie Huston and penciller David Finch, titled "The Bottom," explores Marc Spector's return to crime-fighting following his self-imposed exile. His retirement comes after a brutal battle with Bushman. Although his body is broken after a tremendous fall, Moon Knight finally defeats Bushman by carving off his face with a crescent moon dart. The series highlights Spector's supposed spiritual connection to the moon god as well as his own psychologically damaged state of mind. After returning to his role as Moon Knight, Spector continually receives guidance by what he believes to be Khonshu in the form of a faceless Bushman. This storyline also updates Marc Spector's timeline, suggesting he fought in the Gulf War and that his time as a mercenary was during the 1990s. It is also revealed that Frenchie is in love with Marc Spector; he indicates this is why he stuck around for so long.

In the second issue, Huston introduces the Profile, an amoral character analyst whom the Committee brings in to help them entrap Moon Knight. He escapes after the plan collapses, and later becomes a reluctant source of information for Spector himself.

The next arc, "Midnight Sun", takes place during the Civil War and follows Moon Knight as he investigates a string of murders perpetrated by Midnight, his former sidekick. This arc also depicts Moon Knight's first contact with other Marvel heroes since his return. Spider-Man attempts to contact Moon Knight but is rebuked.^[33] Captain America pays him a visit to deliver a warning and in return the two quarrel.^[34] The Punisher and Moon Knight have a lengthy conversation both about the nature of their vigilantism and their shared past.^[35] Moon Knight is forced into a final confrontation with his former sidekick Jeff Wilde (a.k.a. Midnight), seemingly killing him for good.

Iron Man also investigates Moon Knight's activities by placing him under close surveillance. Finding his mental condition unstable, Iron Man decides that arresting Moon Knight under the Registration Act might make his mental instability worse. However, Moon Knight is identified as one of the 142 registered superheroes appearing on the cover of Avengers: The Initiative #1.^[36].

Moon Knight begrudgingly applies for registration after much prodding from Khonshu, not wanting the law to keep him from his work. The law requires him to submit to a psychiatric exam. The psychiatrist controlling the exam, along with the government and Tony Stark, have no intention of granting Marc Spector approval for registration. After speaking with Spector's repressed alter egos Jake Lockley and Steven Grant, the psychiatrist begins the process of officially turning him down, suggesting possible future imprisonment. Spector breaks the doctor's will by speaking in the voice of Khonshu and pointing out the doctor's own antisocial tendencies, told to him by the Profile. The psychiatrist not only approves his application, but bows to worship him as well. However, later on, Marc meets The Profile with their dialogue suggesting that the personalities above were just an act to be approved for registration.^[37]

In the subsequent arc, "God and Country", writer Mike Benson and artist Mark Texeira take over the series, with Charlie Huston still co-plotting. This arc centers itself on Moon Knight's ability (or lack thereof) as a "registered hero" and Marc Spector's ability (or lack thereof) to hold on to the people around him. This arc sees the return of the classic Moon Knight villain Black Spectre. In this story Carson Knowles, recently released from prison, falls back into his ways as the Black Spectre and yet again attempts to destroy Moon Knight and hurt the city. In issue #19, the finale of "God and Country", Moon Knight pushes Knowles off a building apparently to his death. This arc also features a large role for Tony Stark, as the head of the initiative, and lead dissenter of Moon Knight's vigilantism.

In issue #21, a new story arc began, titled "The Death of Marc Spector." This arc is written by Mike Benson, and it involves the Thunderbolts, led by Norman Osborn, who are now on the hunt for Moon Knight. Tony Stark and his second-in-command Maria Hill argue with a man named Sikorsky, who represents the CSA and desperately wants for Moon Knight to be apprehended with extreme prejudice. Marc Spector himself busts up a drug deal while wearing an entirely black costume, while going through an internal monologue about how crime-fighting is much easier without the burden of his reputation and 'costume recognition.'^[38]

Several weeks later, after barely surviving an altercation with the Thunderbolts, Spector pleads for Khonshu's forgiveness for turning his back on him and for the god's renewed assistance. Khonshu appears and informs Spector he doesn't need him anymore, as he now has other worshippers. Spector returns to his Moon Knight costume to aid Frenchie DuChamp in gaining revenge on the Whyos gang for attacking his restaurant and injuring Frenchie's lover Rob, only to find the Whyos' attack was designed to draw Spector into another conflict with the Thunderbolts when he is ambushed by Venom.^[39] After a brief fight Moon Knight is captured, but escapes when S.H.I.E.L.D. shows up. Frenchie agrees to help Spector, and Ray joins the reformed team as well. Bullseye is released to kill Moon Knight, as Spector prepares to go out with a bang.^[40]

Moon Knight is next seen battling Bullseye in the streets of NYC. He eventually leads Bullseye to a bunker/warehouse where he has planted several explosives. Bullseye narrowly escapes as Moon Knight ignites the explosives and escapes through a secret passage in the floor. Later that day two press conferences are held: one by Norman Osborn to announce the Thunderbolts' success and Moon Knight's death and the other held by Tony Stark who denounces the methods used by the Thunderbolts. At the end of the issue it is revealed that Moon Knight has faked his death and is hiding in Mexico. It is also revealed that the Marc Spector persona has "died" and that Jake Lockley is now in control.^[41]

[edit] Return

Moon Knight returns to New York after faking his death with Jake Lockley as his dominant personality, but still struggles against his violent nature and is hounded by a small imaginary tormentor resembling a man in the Moon Knight costume with a bird skull who goads him to kill. While trying to walk the path of a hero he makes a bold return taking on many criminals but killing none of them, now the people of New York begin to see him as a hero and not a murderous vigilante much to Norman Osborn's disdain. Jake's personality has been one of struggle against the inner demon trying to get him to kill while juggling sobriety. Most recently he was met by the Sentry who asks him "Who do you think you are, a hero?" Later the Sentry takes Moon Knight across the city while he saves people and stops crimes telling Lockley that eventually he will be tested and that he will fail to which Moon Knight replies "So will you". They stare each other down for a moment before the Sentry eventually leaves.^{[volume & issue needed]}

[edit] Character analysis

Moon Knight is often criticized as an ersatz Batman and the parallels are indeed apparent.^{[citation needed]} Charlie Huston, writer of the 2006 re-launch of Moon Knight, attempted to answer these criticisms in an interview with Comixfan.^[42] The interviewer noted that the comparison is not baseless, as both Moon Knight and the Dark Knight are wealthy, "normal" humans that use gadgetry to fight crime.

Huston accepted that the two characters had their similarities, but went on to contrast the two by noting in particular differences in origin, motives, and personality. "Bruce Wayne", he said, "fights crime to avenge the murders of his parents", whereas Moon Knight "beats up whoever has it coming because he believes he is the avatar of the Egyptian god of vengeance and it helps him to feel better about all the people he killed when he was a mercenary." Thus, while Batman is motivated by vengeance for wrong done to his parents, Marc Spector primarily seeks redemption from crimes he committed in his mercenary past. Huston further notes that Bruce Wayne, Batman's alter ego, takes on other personalities merely to aid in his fight. However, Moon Knight has three alter egos which aid him as much in dealing with personal demons as fighting law-breakers, and which have taken a further psychological toll of causing dissociative identity disorder. In the question of his sanity, Spider-Man remarked "Moony. Rhymes with looney."

[edit] Powers and abilities

Over the course of his life as a U.S. Marine, boxer, mercenary, C.I.A. operative and costumed superhero, Marc Spector has become an expert at commando hand-to-hand combat techniques and various martial arts. He is an Olympic-level athlete and a skilled acrobat and gymnast, and excels as a combat strategist. He employs a variety of weapons over the course of his career, including throwing darts, nunchucks, and a truncheon. He is skilled with most weapons, and an expert with throwing weapons. He is a superb driver and can pilot a helicopter.

After his first appearance, but before the beginning of his first ongoing series, Moon Knight is said to have superhuman strength derived from the bite of a werewolf interacting with the silver in his armor (although characters in the story express some disbelief at this story). He is said to be as strong as ten men under the full moon, though his strength is normal under a new moon or an eclipse.

Promotional art of Moon Knight descending from the Mooncopter. Art by David Finch.

Spector gained his superhuman powers as a result of a visitation by the Egyptian moon god Khonshu. Moon Knight's strength, endurance and reflexes are enhanced depending upon the phases of the moon.^[43] The fuller the moon, the more strength Moon Knight derives from it, though even during a new moon, he can lift several hundred pounds. He has some degree of superhuman strength during the peak of a lunar cycle. It's not known how much of this strength is mystical and how much is simply the result of self-hypnosis due to his psychological instability. Due to his multiple personalities, he is also resistant to some psychic attacks and sometimes receives prophetic visions. During the 2008 run of the Moon Knight series Spector has been shown and has stated that he no longer has any superpowers.

At one point, Moon Knight is given special weapons by the cult of Khonshu, including bolas, golden throwing crescent-darts shaped like scarabs, an ivory boomerang, throwing irons, and a golden club in the shape of an ankh that glowed in the presence of danger that can be used as a throwing weapon or bludgeon. These items are replaced with duplicate weapons crafted by Hawkeye. He later retires these items to his personal museum after abandoning the "Egyptian" motif in favor of updated versions of his original styled-gear, including a truncheon/staff/nunchucks combo, and a compound bow. He has also used an axe-shaped lasso-grapple.

During the third series, Moon Knight's silver-white costume includes adamantium, and he acquires an array of high-tech weaponry including an Adamantium staff, a truncheon capable of firing a cable line, and gauntlets that fire crescent darts. He has also been depicted using spiked knuckles, worn on the left hand.

For transportation, Moon Knight employs a variety of sophisticated aircraft. These include the Mooncopter and Angelwing, featuring VTOL (vertical take-off and landing), a rope ladder, and 20 mm cannons.

[edit] Enemies

While Moon Knight fights villains such as Bullseye and Taskmaster which are enemies of other heroes as well, he has also accumulated his own rogues gallery. Villains include:

[edit] Other versions

[edit] 2099

The one-shot 2099: Manifest Destiny (March 1998) introduced a female Marvel 2099 version of Moon Knight, fighting crime in the lunar city of Attilan. Manifest Destiny was the last comic published in Marvel's 2099 line and the character has not reappeared since. Her identity, abilities and motivations were never revealed.

[edit] House Of M

Moon Knight appears in House of M as part of Luke Cage's Sapien Resistance against the House of Magnus (Magneto, Quicksilver, Polaris, and the Scarlet Witch), although he is not wearing his costume in this timeline. He also appears in House of M: Avengers wearing his costume. A little more of his back story is uncovered as well, still following Khonshu and still suffering from multiple personalities.

[edit] Marvel Zombies

In Marvel Zombies, Moon Knight is one of the superheroes infected by the zombie plague. He is in his living form in the one shot issue, Marvel Zombies: Dead Days as part of the resistance organized by Nick Fury but presumably turned into one of the zombies in a later battle. In issue #5 of Marvel Zombies vs. The Army of Darkness, he is attacked by 'Deadites', reanimated versions of many of the dead humans. Wanting revenge, these Deadites seemingly tear Moon Knight apart. He presumably escapes, as he is seen in the first issue of the regular Marvel Zombies series, which is set after Army of Darkness. He is later killed by the Silver Surfer in self defense, when Moon Knight attempts to attack and devour the herald among the other Marvel Zombies.

[edit] Ultimate Moon Knight

Ultimate Moon Knight on the partial cover to
Ultimate Spider-Man #80
Art by Mark Bagley.

A former Navy Seal, Ultimate Moon Knight is the product of a Super Soldier experiment gone wrong. Prior to becoming Moon Knight, he worked for the Roxxon Corporation as Paladin. It is also noted that he has a form of dissociative identity disorder. Within the comic, the "personalities" of Steven Grant, Marc Spector, Moon Knight, an unnamed red-headed little girl with no eyes, and Ronin interact through internal monologue. He lives with his girlfriend Marlene. She displays knowledge of his Moon Knight identity.

Ultimate Moon Knight first appears in Ultimate Spider-Man #79 during the Warriors story-arc. He is an active participant of a gang war waged by the Kingpin and newcomer Hammerhead.

During the battle, he is impaled by the assassin Elektra. Although gravely wounded, Moon Knight subdues Elektra with a moon-blade to her head before slipping into a coma. Upon waking up, Moon Knight escapes from custody and engages in a fight with the Punisher, Spider-Man, and Daredevil. After the battle, Daredevil invites Moon Knight to join an organization of super-heroes with the goal of bringing down the Kingpin.

As part of this group, Spector adopts the identity of Ronin to infiltrate the Kingpin's ranks. The idea of turning 'Ronin' into the main persona is made by the Steven Grant and Marc Spector personalities, who oppose the Moon Knight persona and the concerns of the small girl persona. In doing so, they create a far more ruthless personality who the Kingpin would find suitable. Moon Knight himself is angered by this decision, but is seemingly destroyed by the Ronin personality.

The Kingpin discovers that Ronin is working for Daredevil and orders his execution. He survives, however, and after regaining consciousness goes to the police claiming that the Kingpin ordered his execution. This provides a charge for the police to arrest the Kingpin, but he has to reveal his secret identity for a charge to be placed. It also seems that the Moon Knight persona is still alive after the Ronin persona decides to wake him up.

[edit] Universe X

In Universe X, Moon Knight is locked in a never ending battle with the Sons of Set, over the statue of Khonshu. It's actually stated that Marc Spector has been dead from the beginning, and just as the moon reflects light, Spector has been "reflecting" the form of a living man, making him effectively immortal.^{[volume & issue needed]} Moreover, it is also suggested that the original inspiration for the moon god Khonshu was the Watcher Uatu who watches the Earth from his base on the moon.^{[volume & issue needed]}

[edit] In other media

[edit] Television

While a Moon Knight TV series was announced, very little to nothing has been mentioned since late 2006. Writer Jon Cooksey (Rugrats, The Collector, ReBoot) confirms that he is currently in development of the Moon Knight television series.^[44]

Marc Spector's name is mentioned in passing in the pilot episode of Blade: The Series (starring Kirk Jones). Spector is described as an expert in werewolves. Marc is also said to be a colleague of Professor Melvin Caylo, a specialist in vampires. The character of Spector did not appear in the series before it was cancelled.

Moon Knight will appear in The Super Hero Squad Show voiced by Rino Romano.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Video games

Moon Knight is one of the playable characters on the next-gen versions of Marvel: Ultimate Alliance voiced by Phil LaMarr. He can wear his Classic, Ultimate, and Khonshu costumes. He is also a default character in the Next-Gen Console (Xbox 360 and Playstation 3) version of the game. A mod available for the PC, PS2, PSP, Xbox version of the game unlocks him as a playable character, adding a fourth costume which is labeled as 'Retro' which closely resembles his action figure costume with the black body suit.^[45]
In the Ultimate Spider-Man video game, while racing against the Human Torch, Spider-Man will taunt his opponent by saying "Moon Knight is faster than you!"
Moon Knight appears in Spider-Man: Web of Shadows voiced by Robin Atkin Downes. Spider-Man first encounters him in his Mooncopter at the top of Spector Tower when Black Cat makes her escape and Spider-Man defeats Kingpin's forces. He and Vulture argue about the idea of Spider-Man busting Tinkerer out of Ryker's Island when it came to the symbiotes invading. He later helps S.H.I.E.L.D. in fighting the symbiotic invasion. After the defeat of Symbiote-Vulture, Moon Knight flies Spider-Man to the S.H.I.E.L.D. Helicarrier that Venom and his symbiotes are attacking if the player has a Red Suit alignment. Artwork shown on the end credits of the PS3, XBox360 and Wii versions depict a Symbiote-Moon Knight, but this concept was not used in the actual game. In the PSP version, he is an assist character who will use his lunar attacks on enemies^[46].

[edit] Action figures

Moon Knight has had five figure renditions over the years (six including a variant in the most recent figure). The first figure was an exclusive mail-away figure in the "Marvel Gold" Line. It was a simple figure based on a ToyBiz base sculpt, with a thin latex-like cape and belt (reminiscent of the costume style employed by artist Stephen Platt). The figure was painted white, with a black head. Moon Knight's Second figure was from the 10" Marvel Universe Line. This figure was a repaint of a base sculpt (used for spider-man, daredevil, and many others) and included a cloth cape. The figure was painted white, had yellow arm bands, and a black head. More recently Moon Knight has been included in the Marvel Select line from Diamond Select Toys. This version of the figure comes with a rubber cape, rubber crescent dart accessories, as well as a Khonshu Statue. The figure is painted a Greyish color, with a black head, white arm bands and boots. Moon Knight has also appeared in a recent series of the Marvel Legends line. This figure is painted black, with white gloves, boots, and cape. It comes with both a nunchuck and staff accessory, and its cape is made of rubber as well. It also has a printed cardboard background. This figure also had a rare variant version. The variant was identical in that the costume was shiny silver instead of black. Most recently, Moon Knight has been released in the 3 3/4" Marvel Universe line. In this line, Moon Knight is white with a black face, and comes with a rubber cape, a crescent shaped throwing dart and staff.

[edit] Bibliography

Ongoing series

Title	Issues	Start Date	End Date
Moon Knight (volume 1)	38	November 1980	July 1984
Moon Knight: Fist Of Khonshu (volume 2)	6	June 1985	December 1985
Marc Spector: Moon Knight	60	June 1989	March 1994
Moon Knight (volume 4)	30	June 2006	May 2009
Vengeance of Moon Knight (volume 5)	1-	Sept 2009

Limited series

Title	Issues	Start Date	End Date
Moon Knight: Resurrection War	4	January 1998	April 1998
Moon Knight: High Strangers	4	January 1999	April 1999

Specials and one-shots

Title	Date
Marc Spector: Moon Knight Special Edition #01	November 1983
Marc Spector: Moon Knight Special Edition #02	December 1983
Marc Spector: Moon Knight Special Edition #03	January 1984
Moon Knight: Divided We Fall	April 1992

[edit] Collected editions

Essential Moon Knight Vol. 1 (collecting Werewolf By Night #32-33; Marvel Spotlight #28-29; Spectacular Spider-Man #22-23; Marvel Two-In-One #52; Hulk Magazine #11-15, 17-18, 20-21; Marvel Preview #21; Moon Knight #1-10. ISBN 0785120920)
Essential Moon Knight Vol. 2 (collecting Moon Knight #11-30. ISBN 978-0-78512729-1)
Moon Knight Vol. 1: The Bottom Premier Hardcover (collecting Moon Knight volume 4, #1-6)
Moon Knight Vol. 2: Midnight Sun (collecting Moon Knight volume 4, #7-13, annual 2007)
Moon Knight Vol. 3: God & Country (collecting Moon Knight volume 4, #14-20)
Moon Knight Vol. 4: Death of Marc Spector (collecting Moon Knight volume 4, #21-25, annual 2008)
Moon Knight Vol. 5: Down South (collecting Moon Knight volume 4, #26-30)

[edit] References

^ Huston Talks Moon Knight, Newsarama, July 25, 2005
^ Dark Side of the Moon Knight: Huston talks "Moon Knight: The Bottom", Comic Book Resources, August 8, 2005
^ Waxing Moon Knight: Huston talks "Moon Knight", Comic Book Resources, February 1, 2006
^ Mike Benson: Of Moon Knight and Redemption, Comics Bulletin, August 31, 2007
^ Bring on the Knight: An Interview with Moon Knight's Mike Benson, Comics Bulletin, March 4, 2008
^ Requiem For A Spector? Benson on “Moon Knight”, Comic Book Resources, November 19, 2008
^ O Holy Knight: Milligan on Moon Knight Xmas Special, Comic Book Resources, November 18, 2008
^ [1], Comic Book Resources, June 19, 2009
^ Werewolf by Night #32-33
^ Marvel Spotlight #28-29
^ Rampaging Hulk! #17-18
^ Moon Knight #1-4
^ Moon Knight Vol. 1 #3
^ Moon Knight Vol. 1 #12
^ Moon Knight Vol. 1 #13
^ Moon Knight Vol. 1 #14
^ Moon Knight Vol. 1 #29-30
^ Moon Knight Vol. 1 #35
^ Moon Knight Vol. 1 #36
^ Moon Knight Vol. 2 #1
^ West Coast Avengers Vol. 2 #21
^ West Coast Avengers Vol. 2 #23
^ West Coast Avengers Vol. 2 #24
^ West Coast Avengers Vol. 2 #41
^ Moon Knight Vol. 3 #4-5
^ "Moon Knight" Vol.4 #12
^ Moon Knight Vol. 3 #8-9
^ Moon Knight Vol. 3 #10
^ Moon Knight Vol. 3 #15
^ Moon Knight Vol. 3 #18
^ Moon Knight Vol. 3 #19-21
^ Moon Knight Vol. 3 #37
^ Moon Knight #7
^ Moon Knight #8
^ Moon Knight #10
^ Avengers: The Initiative #1 Character Map
^ Moon Knight #13
^ Moon Knight #22
^ Moon Knight vol.4 #23
^ Moon Knight vol.4 #24
^ Moon Knight vol.4 #25
^ "Charlie Huston: Shining Light on Moon Knight", Comixfan, August 17, 2005
^ Marvel Spotlight #28
^ "The Java Hut" 10 June, 2008.
^ Denick, Thom (2006). Marvel Ultimate Alliance: Signature Series Guide. Indianapolis, Indiana: Brady Games. pp. 54, 53. ISBN 0-7440-0844-1.
^ http://www.atomicgamer.com/article.php?id=655

[edit] External links

Moon Knight at the Marvel Universe
Comic Foundry - The Conversation: Doug Moench + Charlie Huston
Moon Knight Fan
Moon Knight at the Grand Comic-Book Database
Moon Knight at the Comic Book DB

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bunga sakura

2011-10-14T04:01:00.001-07:00

bunga sakura di jepang adalah keindahan sebuah pohon

sungai raksasa

2011-10-14T04:01:00.000-07:00

VIVAnews - Sebuah sungai raksasa, yang bahkan layak dinobatkan sebagai sungai keenam terbesar di dunia baru-baru ini ditemukan oleh ilmuwan Inggris.

Yang luar biasa, sungai ini ditemukan di dasar Laut Hitam, sebuah laut dalam antara Eropa tenggara dan Asia Kecil.

Para ilmuwan dari Leeds University mengerahkan kapal selam robot untuk meneliti dan memindai dasar laut di dekat Turki itu.

Seperti halnya di daratan, sungai di bawah laut itu memiliki saluran, anak sungai, dataran banjir, aliran deras air, dan bahkan air terjun.

Sungai yang ditemukan di dasar Laut Hitam, memiliki kedalaman 115 kaki dan lebarnya lebih dari setengah mil.

Jika berada di daratan, para ilmuwan memperkirakan, perairan yang ditemukan di Laut Hitam, adalah sungai keenam terbesar di dunia, dalam hal jumlah air yang mengalir.

Aliran air, yang membawa air asin dan sedimen, 350 kali lebih besar dari Sungai Thames di Inggris.

Ini adalah satu-satunya sungai bawah laut aktif yang ditemukan. Letaknya di Selat Bosphorus yang mengalir dari Mediterania ke Laut Hitam. Aliran air sungai bawah tanah itu disebabkan perbedaan kadar garam.

Ini menyebabkan air Mediterania mengalir seperti sungai, yang menciptakan alur-alur dan genangan yang dalam.

Penemuan ini akan membantu menjelaskan bagaimana kehidupan bisa bertahan di kedalaman laut, yang jauh dari perairan kaya nutrisi karena jauh dari tanah. Sungai bawah laut lah yang bertugas membawa sedimen dan nutrisi.

Menurut Dr Dan Parsons, pemimpin tim peneliti dari Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Bumi dan Lingkungan, Universitas Leeds, kepada Sunday Telegraph, mengatakan, "Kepadatan air di sana lebih padat dari air laut di sekitarnya karena memiliki salinitas yang lebih tinggi dan membawa begitu banyak sedimen."

"Sungai itu mengalir dari beting laut dan keluar melalui daratan abisal, seperti halnya sungai di darat," demikian penjelasan Parsons seperti dimuat laman Daily Mail, Minggu 1 Agustus 2010.

Dataran abisal di laut mirip seperti di gurun pasir, bedanya dataran air ini bisa menyediakan nutrisi dan bahan-bahan yang dibutuhkan untuk mahluk yang hidup di dalamnya.

"Itu memiliki peran yang penting, seperti arteri, yang memberikan kehidupan di laut dalam."

Perbedaan utama sungai di bawah laut ini adalah bahwa aliran air berlawanan dengan sungai-sungai di darat.

Para ilmuwan telah lama menduga bahwa keberadaan sungai dasar laut sangat masuk akal, setelah pemindai sonar mengungkapkan adanya saluran berkelok-kelok di banyak lautan di dunia.

Di antara yang terbesar, adalah sungai bawah tanah di perairan Brazi, di mana aliran Amazon memasuki Samudera Atlantik.

Saluran di Laut Hitam, meskipun jauh lebih kecil, adalah satu-satunya yang ditemukan masih mengalir dan membuktikan bahwa saluran ini misterius dibentuk oleh sungai di bawah air.

Tidak seperti parit laut, yang formasi geologi yang terbentuk pada bagian terdalam dari laut akibat pergerakan lempeng tektonik, saluran sungai berkelok-kelok di dasar laut dibentuk melalui proses pengikisan endapan lumpur.

Sungai bawah laut di dasar Laut Hitam

Dr Parsons menemukan bahwa sungai bawah tanah di dasar Laut Hitam mengalir dengan kecepatan sekitar empat mil per jam, mengalirkan 22.000 meter kubik air per detik. Ini 10 kali lebih besar dari sungai terbesar Eropa, Rhine.

Sungai bawah laut ini Sungai mengalir hanya sekitar 37 mil hingga mencapai tepi beting laut sebelum menghilangke laut dalam. (umi)

elisabeth of bavavia

2011-10-14T04:00:00.000-07:00

Elisabeth of Bavaria

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For Queen Elisabeth of Belgium, also born Duchess Elisabeth in Bavaria, see Elisabeth of Bavaria (1876–1965).

Elisabeth of Bavaria

Elisabeth as the Queen of Hungary.
Empress consort of Austria; Queen consort of Hungary and Bohemia
Tenure	24 April 1854 – 10 September 1898
Coronation	8 June 1867 (Hungary)

Spouse	Francis Joseph I of Austria
Issue
Archduchess Sophie Archduchess Gisela Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria Archduchess Marie-Valerie
House	House of Habsburg-Lorraine House of Wittelsbach
Father	Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria
Mother	Princess Ludovika of Bavaria
Born	24 December 1837(1837-12-24) Munich
Died	10 September 1898 (aged 60) Geneva

Elisabeth of Bavaria (24 December 1837 – 10 September 1898) was Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary and Bohemia^[1] as spouse of Francis Joseph I. From an early age, she was called “Sisi” by family and friends.

While Elisabeth’s role and influence on Austro-Hungarian politics should not be overestimated (she is only marginally mentioned in scholarly books on Austrian history), she has undoubtedly become an historical icon. Elisabeth was considered to have been a free spirit who abhorred conventional court protocol; she has inspired filmmakers and theatrical producers alike.

[hide]

[edit] Duchess in Bavaria

She was born in Munich, Bavaria as Duchess Elisabeth Amalie Eugenie in Bavaria. She was the fourth child of Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria and her mother was Princess Ludovika of Bavaria. Her family home was Possenhofen Castle.

The young Elisabeth (right) and her sister Helene

Elisabeth accompanied her mother and her 18-year-old sister, Duchess Helene, on an 1853 trip to the resort of Bad Ischl, Upper Austria, ^[2] where they hoped Helene would attract the attention of their maternal first cousin, 23-year-old Francis Joseph, then Emperor of Austria. Instead, Francis Joseph chose the 15-year old Elisabeth, and the couple were married in Vienna at St. Augustine's Church on 24 April 1854.

[edit] Queen and Empress

Coronation of Francis Joseph and Elisabeth as King and Queen of Hungary

Elisabeth had difficulty adapting to the strict etiquette practiced at the Habsburg court. Nevertheless, she bore the emperor three children in quick succession: Archduchess Sophie of Austria (1855–1857), Archduchess Gisela of Austria (1856–1932), and the hoped-for crown prince, Rudolf (1858–1889). In 1860, she left Vienna after contracting a lung-disease which was presumably psychosomatic.^{[citation needed]} She spent the winter in Madeira and only returned to Vienna after having visited the Ionian Islands. Soon after that she fell ill again and returned to Corfu.^{[citation needed]}

National unrest within the Habsburg monarchy caused by the rebellious Hungarians led, in 1867, to the foundation of the Austro–Hungarian double monarchy. Elisabeth had always sympathized with the Hungarian cause and, reconciled and reunited with her alienated husband, she joined Francis Joseph in Budapest, where their coronation took place. Following the imperial couple's reconciliation, Elisabeth gave birth to their fourth child, Archduchess Marie Valerie (1868–1924). Afterward, however, she again took up her former life of restlessly travelling through Europe.^{[citation needed]} Elisabeth was denied any major influence on her older children's upbringing; they were raised by her mother-in-law and aunt Princess Sophie of Bavaria, who often referred to Elisabeth as a "silly young mother.^[3]"

Elisabeth with diamond stars in her hair, 1865, by Franz Xaver Winterhalter

Elisabeth embarked on a life of travel, seeing very little of her offspring, visiting places such as Madeira, Hungary, England and Corfu.^{[citation needed]} At Corfu, she commissioned the building of a palace which she called the Achilleion, after Homer's hero Achilles in The Iliad. After her death, the building was purchased by German Emperor Wilhelm II.^{[citation needed]}

She became known not only for her beauty, but for her fashion sense, diet and exercise regimens, passion for riding sports, and a series of reputed lovers.^{[citation needed]} She paid extreme attention to her appearance and would spend most of her time preserving her beauty.^{[citation needed]} She often shopped at Antal Alter, now Alter és Kiss, which had become very popular with the fashion-crazed crowd, as described by the famous 19th-century writer Richard Rado:

“Everyone, from the most wealthy, to the upper middle class… almost every woman visited the shop. The shop's name even extended beyond the country’s borders… Elizabeth of Austria-Hungary (Sisi), wife of Francis Joseph I and Queen of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, was also among its clients.

^{[citation needed]}

Her diet and exercise regimens were strictly enforced to maintain her 20-inch (50 cm) waistline and reduced her to near emaciation at times (symptoms of what is now recognised as anorexia).^{[citation needed]}

One of her alleged lovers was George "Bay" Middleton, a dashing Anglo–Scot who was probably the father of Clementine Ogilvy Hozier (the wife of Winston Churchill). She also tolerated, to a certain degree, Franz Joseph's affair with actress Katharina Schratt.

The Empress also wrote poetry (such as the "Nordseelieder" and "Winterlieder", both inspirations from her favorite German poet, Heinrich Heine). Shaping her own fantasy world in poetry, she referred to herself as Titania, Shakespeare's Fairy Queen. Most of her poetry refers to her journeys, classical Greek and romantic themes, as well as ironic mockery on the Habsburg dynasty. In these years, Elisabeth also took up with an intensive study of both ancient and modern Greek, immersing herself in Homer's Iliad and Odyssey. Numerous Greek lecturers (such as Marinaky, Christomanos, and Barker) had to accompany the Empress on her hour-long walks while reading Greek to her. According to contemporary scholars, Empress Elisabeth knew Greek better than any of the Bavarian Greek queens in the 19th century.

Elisabeth 1864
by Franz Xaver Winterhalter

In 1889, Elisabeth's life was shattered by the death of her only son: 30-year-old Crown Prince Rudolf and his young lover Baroness Mary Vetsera were found dead, apparently by suicide. The scandal is known as The Mayerling Incident, after the name of Rudolf's hunting lodge in Lower Austria.

After Rudolf's death, the Empress continued to be an icon, a sensation wherever she went. A long black gown that could be buttoned up at the bottom, a white parasol made of leather and a brown fan to hide her face from curious looks became the trademarks of the legendary Empress of Austria. Only a few snapshots of Elisabeth in her last years are left, taken by photographers who were lucky enough to catch her without her noticing.

The moments Elisabeth would show up in Vienna and see her husband were rare. Interestingly, their correspondence increased during those last years and the relationship between the Empress and the Emperor of Austria had become platonic and warm. On her imperial steamer, Miramar, Empress Elisabeth travelled restlessly through the Mediterranean. Her favourite places were Cap Martin on the French Riviera, where tourism had only started in the second half of the 19th century, Lake Geneva in Switzerland, Bad Ischl in Austria, where she would spend her summers, and Corfu. More than that, the Empress had visited countries no other northern royal went to at the time: Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Algeria, Malta, Greece, Turkey and Egypt.

[edit] Assassination

Luigi Lucheni

On 10 September 1898, in Geneva, Switzerland, Elisabeth, aged 60, was stabbed in the heart with a sharpened file by a young anarchist named Luigi Lucheni, in an act of propaganda of the deed. She had been walking along the promenade of Lake Geneva about to board steamship Genève for Montreux with her lady-of-courtesy, Countess Sztaray, when she was attacked. She boarded the ship, unaware of the severity of her condition. Bleeding to death from a puncture wound to the heart, Elisabeth's last words were, "What happened to me?" The strong pressure from her corset had kept the bleeding back until the garment was removed.

Reportedly, her assassin had hoped to kill a prince from the House of Orléans and, failing to find him, turned on Elisabeth instead. As Lucheni afterward said, "I wanted to kill a royal. It did not matter which one."

The empress was buried in the Imperial Crypt in Vienna's city centre, which has for centuries served as the Imperial burial place.

[edit] Legacy

Arms of Empress Elisabeth of Austria

In 1988, historian Brigitte Hamann wrote The Reluctant Empress, a biography of Elisabeth, again fuelling interest in Franz Joseph's consort (see bibliography). Unlike the previous portrayals of Elisabeth as a one-dimensional fairy tale princess, Hamann portrayed her as a bitter, unhappy woman full of self-loathing and various emotional and mental disorders, who spent her entire life searching for happiness, but in the end dying a broken woman who never found it, which opened up various new facets to the legend of Sisi.

Tourism has profited enormously from the renewed interest in Elisabeth, both in Austria and abroad. Apart from the usual souvenirs such as T-shirts and coffee mugs, visitors are eager to see the various residences Elisabeth frequented at different points in her life. These include her apartments in the Hofburg and the Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna, the imperial villa in Ischl, the Achilleion in Corfu, Greece that she built in 1890, soon after her son's death, and her summer residence in Gödöllő, Hungary.

Empress Elisabeth Western Railway commemorative coin

Elisabeth loved Hungary far more than Austria and surrounded herself with Hungarian ladies-in-waiting, being particularly close to Marie Festetics and Ida Ferenczy. She insisted that her attendants speak Hungarian, which she herself spoke fluently. One of her closest friends was Count Andrássy, who later became Emperor Franz-Joseph's Foreign Minister. Elisabeth's attachment to Hungary benefitted the Empire because the Hungarian people returned the attachment but also antagonized the Viennese and the Czechs of Bohemia. There are several sites in Hungary named after her, two of Budapest's districts, Erzsébetváros and Pesterzsébet, and most famously, Elisabeth Bridge.

Empress Elisabeth and the Austrian Western Railway named after her were recently selected as a main motif for a high value collectors' coin: the Empress Elisabeth Western Railway commemorative coin. The reverse shows a view of the passenger hall of the first Vienna West Railway Station. The style of this building was inspired by Romantic Historism. On the right of the coin, the statue of the Empress Elisabeth can be seen. This statue still stands today in the station.

[edit] In literature and drama

In the German-speaking world, Elisabeth's name is often associated with a trilogy of romantic films about her life directed by Ernst Marischka and starring a teenage Romy Schneider:

Sissi (1955)
Sissi — die junge Kaiserin (1956) (Sissi — The Young Empress)
Sissi — Schicksalsjahre einer Kaiserin (1957) (Sissi — Fateful Years of an Empress)

The three films, now newly restored, are shown every Christmas on Austrian, German and French TV and have done much to create the myth surrounding Elisabeth. A condensed version dubbed in English was published in 1962 under the title Forever My Love, and in 2007, the three German films were released with English subtitles as The Sissi Collection.

Schneider loathed the role, claiming, "Sissi sticks to me like porridge (Griesbrei)." Later she was able to achieve a sort of satisfaction, appearing as a much more realistic and fascinating Elisabeth in Luchino Visconti's Ludwig, a 1972 movie about Elisabeth's cousin, Ludwig II of Bavaria. A portrait of herself in this film was the only one of her roles Schneider displayed in her home.

Ava Gardner also played the Empress, in the 1968 film Mayerling. (Omar Sharif and Catherine Deneuve played the doomed lovers.) Ava had a single film portrait of herself on display in her home from this film.

Monument of Elisabeth of Austria-Hungary (Sisi) in Szeged, Hungary.

She was the subject of a 1991 German movie called Sisi/Last Minute (original Sisi und der Kaiserkuß, "Sisi and the emperor's kiss"). The movie starred French actress Vanessa Wagner as Sisi (this - the original - spelling of the name was used), Nils Tavernier as Emperor Franz Joseph and Sonja Kirchberger as Nene.^[4]

In 1974, Elisabeth was portrayed in the British television series Fall of Eagles by Diane Keen (as the young Elisabeth) and Rachel Gurney (as Elisabeth at the time of Prince Rudolf's death).

In 1936, Columbia Pictures released The King Steps Out, a musical comedy inspired by Elisabeth. The film was directed by Josef von Sternberg, with music by Fritz Kreisler and starring the opera diva Grace Moore and Franchot Tone.

Her story also became part of a children's book series, The Royal Diaries: Elisabeth, The Princess Bride.

Elisabeth's heavily fictionalised younger years are portrayed in a 1997 children's series, Princess Sissi.

She appears as a significant character in Gary Jennings' 1987 novel Spangle. The novel concerns (in part) a circus traveling through Europe at the close of the 1800s, and her depiction concerns the historical Elisabeth's interests in circuses and daredevil riding, and to a lesser degree her diet and beauty regimen.

In one of the episodes of the Austrian TV series Kommissar Rex, (1994) about a police dog who always solves his police-inspector owner's cases, the myth of Sissi is shown under the influence of her story on a young woman who often sneaks into a palace where Sissi lived and starts acting like her during the night, when the museum is closed. This includes riding in the park, using hair ornaments similar to the ones Elisabeth was known for, and sleeping in the Empress's bed while dressed in vintage nightwear, with her hair styled liked Sissi's (separating it in two parts spread over the pillow so that the strands wouldn't be mussed by morning). This episode, the thirteenth of Season 5 of the show (and the last from that season), is called "Sissi" and originally aired on 22 April 1999. The empress-obsessed character's name is Marion, and she is played by actress Marion Mitterhammer.

In 2007, German comedian and director Michael Herbig released a computer-animated parody film of Sissi's character under the title Lissi und der wilde Kaiser (lit.: "Lissi and the Wild Emperor"). It is based on his Sissi parody sketches featured in his TV show Bullyparade.

[edit] In dance and music

Fritz Kreisler composed a comic operetta Sissi, which premiered in Vienna in 1932. The libretto was written by Ernst and Hubert Marischka, with orchestrations by Robert Russell Bennett.^[5]

In 1992, the musical Elisabeth premièred at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna, Austria. Written by Michael Kunze (libretto, lyrics) and Sylvester Levay (music), this is arguably the darkest portrayal of the Empress' life; portraying Elisabeth as bringing a physical manifestation of death with her when she joined the imperial court, thus destroying the Habsburg dynasty. The leading role in the premiere was played by Pia Douwes of the Netherlands. It has also been produced successfully in Hungary, Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Sweden, Finland and in Japan, with Douwes also again performing the role of Sissi in the Netherlands, Berlin, Essen and Stuttgart.

In the film version of Andrew Lloyd Webber's The Phantom of the Opera, the character Christine is wearing a gown inspired by a portrait of Elisabeth of Austria-Hungary by Franz Xavier Winterhalter during her opera debut when she performs the song "Think of Me".

French ballet dancer Sylvie Guillem appeared to great acclaim at the Paris Opera Ballet in a piece titled Sissi Imperatice, choreographed by Maurice Bejart.

Elisabeth has a featured role in Kenneth MacMillan's ballet, Mayerling including a pas de deux with her son Prince Rudolf, the central character in the ballet; and a notable pas de six with five male partners, Bay Middleton and four Hungarian officers, friends of her son.

Dutch singer Petra Berger's album Eternal Woman includes "If I Had a Wish", a song about Elisabeth.

[edit] Issue

Children	Birth	Death	Notes
Sophie Friederike Dorothea Maria Josepha	5 March 1855	29 May 1857	Died in childhood.
Gisela Louise Marie	12 July 1856	27 July 1932	Married, 1873 her second cousin, Prince Leopold of Bavaria; had issue.
Rudolf Francis Charles Joseph	21 August 1858	30 January 1889	Died in the Mayerling Incident Married, 1881, Princess Stephanie of Belgium; had issue.
Marie Valerie Mathilde Amalie	22 April 1868	6 September 1924	Married, 1890 her second cousin, Archduke Franz Salvator of Austria-Tuscany; had issue.

[edit] See also

Sissi - The Young Empress

[edit] Notes

^ Britannica Online Encyclopedia
^ AEIOU - Das österreichische Kulturinformationssystem
^ Martyrdom of an Empress, (C) 1899 Harpers
^ Sissi und der Kaiserkuß at the Internet Movie Database
^ "Orchestrator on His Own", Time, 12 December 1932.

[edit] References

Sissi's desk at the Achilleion

Nicole Avril: L'impératrice, Paris, 1993
Konstantin Christomanos: Diaries (Tagebuchblätter, several editions in Modern Greek, German, French)
Barry Denenburg: The Royal Diaries: Elisabeth, The Princess Bride
Brigitte Hamann: The Reluctant Empress: A Biography of Empress Elisabeth of Austria (Knopf: 1986) (ISBN 0-394-53717-3) (410pp.).
Brigitte Hamann: Sissi, Elisabeth, Empress of Austria (Taschen America: 1997) (ISBN 3-8228-7865-0) (short, illustrated).
Ann Nibbs: The Elusive Empress (Youwriteon.com: 2008) (ISBN 978-1849231305) (372pp).
Matt Pavelich: Our Savage (Shoemaker & Hoard: 2004) (ISBN 1-59376-023-X) (270pp.).
Matteo Tuveri: Elizabeth of Austria: A Beauvoirian perspective, Simone de Beauvoir Studies, Volume 24, 2007-2008, Published by the Simone de Beauvoir Society (CA - U.S.A.)
Matteo Tuveri: Sissi: Myth and history, Journal Eco delle Dolomiti, Pinzolo (TN), Italy.
Matteo Tuveri: Sissi becomes Lissy, L'Unione Sarda, 6 gennaio 2009, p. 40, Cagliari
Matteo Tuveri: Specchi ad angoli obliqui. Diario poetico di Elisabetta d’Austria, Aracne Editrice, Rome, 2006 (ISBN 88-548-0741-9)
Matteo Tuveri: Tabularium. Considerazioni su Elisabetta d'Austria, Aracne, Rome, 2007 (ISBN 978-88-548-1148-5)

[edit] External links

Media related to Empress Elisabeth of Austria at Wikimedia Commons

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Empress Elisabeth

[edit] Ancestry

[show] Ancestors of Elisabeth of Bavaria

Austro-Hungarian royalty
Elisabeth of Bavaria House of Wittelsbach Born: 24 December 1837 Died: 10 September 1898
Preceded by Maria Anna of Sardinia	Empress consort of Austria Queen consort of Hungary Queen consort of Bohemia 1854 – 1898	Vacant Title next held by Zita of Bourbon-Parma

[show] v • d • e Duchesses in Bavaria

1st Generation	Maria Elisabeth, Princess of Neûchatel

2th Generation	none

3nd Generation	Helene, Princess of Thurn and Taxis · Elisabeth, Empress of Austria · Maria Sophie, Queen of the Two Sicilies · Mathilde Ludovika, Countess of Trani · Sophie Charlotte, Duchess of Alençon

4rd Generation	Amalie, Duchess of Urach · Sophie, Countess Hans Viet of Toerring-Jettenbach · Elisabeth, Queen of the Belgians · Marie Gabrielle, Crown Princess of Bavaria

5th Generation	none

6th Generation	Sophie, Hereditary Princess of Liechtenstein · Marie Caroline, Duchess Philipp of Württemberg · Duchess Helene · Duchess Elisabeth, Mrs. Daniel Terberger · Duchess Ana, Mrs. Klaus Runow

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Bavaria"

2011-04-05T22:51:00.000-07:00

Bali is an Indonesian island located in the westernmost end of the Lesser Sunda Islands, lying between Java to the west and Lombok to the east. It is one of the country's 33 provinces with the provincial capital at Denpasar towards the south of the island.

With a population recorded as 3,891,000 in 2010,[2] the island is home to most of Indonesia's small Hindu minority. In the 2000 census about 92.29% of Bali's population adhered to Balinese Hinduism while most of the remainder follow Islam. It is also the largest tourist destination in the country and is renowned for its highly developed arts, including traditional and modern dance, sculpture, painting, leather, metalworking, and music. Bali, despite being a tourist haven for decades, has seen a surge in tourist numbers in recent years.
Contents
[hide]

* 1 History
* 2 Geography
* 3 Ecology
* 4 Administrative divisions
* 5 Economy
o 5.1 Agriculture
o 5.2 Tourism
* 6 Transportation
* 7 Demographics
o 7.1 Religion
o 7.2 Language
* 8 Culture
* 9 See also
* 10 Notes
* 11 References
* 12 Further reading
* 13 External links

[edit] History
Main article: History of Bali

Bali was inhabited by about 2000 BC by Austronesian peoples who migrated originally from Taiwan through Maritime Southeast Asia.[3] Culturally and linguistically, the Balinese are thus closely related to the peoples of the Indonesian archipelago, the Philippines, and Oceania.[4] Stone tools dating from this time have been found near the village of Cekik in the island's west.[5]

Balinese culture was strongly influenced by Indian and Chinese, and particularly Hindu culture, beginning around the 1st century AD. The name Bali dwipa ("Bali island") has been discovered from various inscriptions, including the Blanjong pillar inscription written by Sri Kesari Warmadewa in 914 AD and mentioning "Walidwipa". It was during this time that the complex irrigation system subak was developed to grow rice. Some religious and cultural traditions still in existence today can be traced back to this period. The Hindu Majapahit Empire (1293–1520 AD) on eastern Java founded a Balinese colony in 1343. When the empire declined, there was an exodus of intellectuals, artists, priests, and musicians from Java to Bali in the 15th century.
Tanah Lot, one of the major temples in Bali

The first European contact with Bali is thought to have been made in 1585 when a Portuguese ship foundered off the Bukit Peninsula and left a few Portuguese in the service of Dewa Agung.[6] In 1597 the Dutch explorer Cornelis de Houtman arrived at Bali and, with the establishment of the Dutch East India Company in 1602, the stage was set for colonial control two and a half centuries later when Dutch control expanded across the Indonesian archipelago throughout the second half of the nineteenth century (see Dutch East Indies). Dutch political and economic control over Bali began in the 1840s on the island's north coast, when the Dutch pitted various distrustful Balinese realms against each other.[7] In the late 1890s, struggles between Balinese kingdoms in the island's south were exploited by the Dutch to increase their control.

The Dutch mounted large naval and ground assaults at the Sanur region in 1906 and were met by the thousands of members of the royal family and their followers who fought against the superior Dutch force in a suicidal puputan defensive assault rather than face the humiliation of surrender.[7] Despite Dutch demands for surrender, an estimated 1,000 Balinese marched to their death against the invaders.[8] In the Dutch intervention in Bali (1908), a similar massacre occurred in the face of a Dutch assault in Klungkung. Afterwards the Dutch governors were able to exercise administrative control over the island, but local control over religion and culture generally remained intact. Dutch rule over Bali came later and was never as well established as in other parts of Indonesia such as Java and Maluku.

In the 1930s, anthropologists Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson, and artists Miguel Covarrubias and Walter Spies, and musicologist Colin McPhee created a western image of Bali as "an enchanted land of aesthetes at peace with themselves and nature", and western tourism first developed on the island.[9]
Balinese dancers show for tourists, Ubud.

Imperial Japan occupied Bali during World War II, during which time a Balinese military officer, Gusti Ngurah Rai, formed a Balinese 'freedom army'. The lack of institutional changes from the time of Dutch rule however, and the harshness of war requisitions made Japanese rule little better than the Dutch one.[10] Following Japan's Pacific surrender in August 1945, the Dutch promptly returned to Indonesia, including Bali, immediately to reinstate their pre-war colonial administration. This was resisted by the Balinese rebels now using Japanese weapons. On 20 November 1946, the Battle of Marga was fought in Tabanan in central Bali. Colonel I Gusti Ngurah Rai, by then 29 years old, finally rallied his forces in east Bali at Marga Rana, where they made a suicide attack on the heavily armed Dutch. The Balinese battalion was entirely wiped out, breaking the last thread of Balinese military resistance. In 1946 the Dutch constituted Bali as one of the 13 administrative districts of the newly proclaimed State of East Indonesia, a rival state to the Republic of Indonesia which was proclaimed and headed by Sukarno and Hatta. Bali was included in the "Republic of the United States of Indonesia" when the Netherlands recognised Indonesian independence on 29 December 1949.

The 1963 eruption of Mount Agung killed thousands, created economic havoc and forced many displaced Balinese to be transmigrated to other parts of Indonesia. Mirroring the widening of social divisions across Indonesia in the 1950s and early 1960s, Bali saw conflict between supporters of the traditional caste system, and those rejecting these traditional values. Politically, this was represented by opposing supporters of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) and the Indonesian Nationalist Party (PNI), with tensions and ill-feeling further increased by the PKI's land reform programs.[7] An attempted coup in Jakarta was put down by forces led by General Suharto. The army became the dominant power as it instigated a violent anti-communist purge, in which the army blamed the PKI for the coup. Most estimates suggest that at least 500,000 people were killed across Indonesia, with an estimated 80,000 killed in Bali, equivalent to 5% of the island's population.[11] With no Islamic forces involved as in Java and Sumatra, upper-caste PNI landlords led the extermination of PKI members.[12]

As a result of the 1965/66 upheavals, Suharto was able to manoeuvre Sukarno out of the presidency, and his "New Order" government reestablished relations with western countries. The pre-War Bali as "paradise" was revived in a modern form, and the resulting large growth in tourism has led to a dramatic increase in Balinese standards of living and significant foreign exchange earned for the country.[7] A bombing in 2002 by militant Islamists in the tourist area of Kuta killed 202 people, mostly foreigners. This attack, and another in 2005, severely affected tourism, bringing much economic hardship to the island. Tourist numbers have now returned to levels before the bombings.
[edit] Geography
See also: List of bodies of water in Bali and List of mountains in Bali
Topography of the island

The island of Bali lies 3.2 km (2 mi) east of Java, and is approximately 8 degrees south of the equator. Bali and Java are separated by Bali Strait. East to west, the island is approximately 153 km (95 mi) wide and spans approximately 112 km (69 mi) north to south; its land area is 5,632 km².

Bali's central mountains include several peaks over 3,000 metres. The highest is Mount Agung (3,142 m), known as the "mother mountain" which is an active volcano. Mountains range from centre to the eastern side, with Mount Agung the easternmost peak. Bali's volcanic nature has contributed to its exceptional fertility and its tall mountain ranges provide the high rainfall that supports the highly productive agriculture sector. South of the mountains is a broad steadily descending area where most of Bali's large rice crop is grown. The northern side of the mountains slopes more steeply to the sea and is the main coffee producing area of the island, along with rice, vegetables and cattle. The longest river, Ayung River, flows approximately 75 km.

The island is surrounded by coral reefs. Beaches in the south tend to have white sand while those in the north and west have black sand. Bali has no major waterways, although the Ho River is navigable by small sampan boats. Black sand beaches between Pasut and Klatingdukuh are being developed for tourism, but apart from the seaside temple of Tanah Lot, they are not yet used for significant tourism.

The largest city is the provincial capital, Denpasar, near the southern coast. Its population is around 491,500(2002). Bali's second-largest city is the old colonial capital, Singaraja, which is located on the north coast and is home to around 100,000 people. Other important cities include the beach resort, Kuta, which is practically part of Denpasar's urban area; and Ubud, which is north of Denpasar, and is known as the island's cultural centre.

Three small islands lie to the immediate south east and all are administratively part of the Klungkung regency of Bali: Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan and Nusa Ceningan. These islands are separated from Bali by the Badung Strait.

To the east, the Lombok Strait separates Bali from Lombok and marks the biogeographical division between the fauna of the Indomalayan ecozone and the distinctly different fauna of Australasia. The transition is known as the Wallace Line, named after Alfred Russel Wallace, who first proposed a transition zone between these two major biomes. When sea levels dropped during the Pleistocene ice age, Bali was connected to Java and Sumatra and to the mainland of Asia and shared the Asian fauna, but the deep water of the Lombok Strait continued to keep Lombok and the Lesser Sunda archipelago isolated.
[edit] Ecology
The Bali Starling is found only on Bali and is critically endangered.

Bali lies just to the west of the Wallace Line, and thus has a fauna which is Asian in character, with very little Australasian influence, and has more in common with Java than with Lombok. An exception is the Yellow-crested Cockatoo, a member of a primarily Australasian family. There are around 280 species of birds, including the critically endangered Bali Starling, which is endemic. Others Include Barn Swallow, Black-naped Oriole, Black Racket-tailed Treepie, Crested Serpent-eagle, Crested Treeswift, Dollarbird, Java Sparrow, Lesser Adjutant, Long-tailed Shrike, Milky Stork, Pacific Swallow, Red-rumped Swallow, Sacred Kingfisher, Sea Eagle, Woodswallow, Savanna Nightjar, Stork-billed Kingfisher, Yellow-vented Bulbul, White Heron, Great Egret.

Until the early 20th century, Bali was home to several large mammals: the wild Banteng, Leopard and an endemic subspecies of Tiger, the Bali Tiger. The Banteng still occurs in its domestic form, while leopards are found only in neighboring Java, and the Bali Tiger is extinct. The last definite record of a Tiger on Bali dates from 1937, when one was shot, though the subspecies may have survived until the 1940s or 1950s.[13] The relatively small size of the island, conflict with humans, poaching and habitat reduction drove the Tiger to extinction. This was the smallest and rarest of all Tiger subspecies and was never caught on film or displayed in zoos, while few skins or bones remain in museums around the world. Today, the largest mammals are the Javan Rusa deer and the Wild Boar. A second, smaller species of deer, the Indian Muntjac, also occurs.
Monkey Forest, Ubud.

Squirrels are quite commonly encountered, less often the Asian Palm Civet, which is also kept in coffee farms to produce Kopi Luwak. Bats are well represented, perhaps the most famous place to encounter them remaining the Goa Lawah (Temple of the Bats) where they are worshipped by the locals and also constitute a tourist attraction. They also occur in other cave temples, for instance at Gangga Beach. Two species of monkey occur. The Crab-eating Macaque, known locally as “kera”, is quite common around human settlements and temples, where it becomes accustomed to being fed by humans, particularly in any of the three “monkey forest” temples, such as the popular one in the Ubud area. They are also quite often kept as pets by locals. The second monkey, far rarer and more elusive is the Silver Leaf Monkey known locally as “lutung”. They occur in few places apart from the Bali Barat National Park. Other, rarer mammals include the Leopard Cat, Sunda Pangolin and Black Giant Squirrel.

Snakes include the King Cobra and Reticulated Python. The Water Monitor can grow to an impressive size and move surprisingly quickly.

The rich coral reefs around the coast, particularly around popular diving spots such as Tulamben, Amed, Menjangan or neighboring Nusa Penida, host a wide range of marine life, for instance Hawksbill Turtle, Giant Sunfish, Giant Manta Ray, Giant Moray Eel, Bumphead Parrotfish, Hammerhead Shark, Reef Shark, barracuda, and sea snakes. Dolphins are commonly encountered on the north coast near Singaraja and Lovina.

Many plants have been introduced by humans within the last centuries, particularly since the 20th century, making it sometimes hard to distinguish what plants are really native. Among the larger trees the most common are: Banyan trees, Jackfruit, coconuts, bamboo species, acacia trees and also endless rows of coconuts and banana species. Numerous flowers can be seen: hibiscus, frangipani, bougainvillea, poinsettia, oleander, jasmine, water lily, lotus, roses, begonias, orchids and hydrangeas exist. On higher grounds that receive more moisture, for instance around Kintamani, certain species of fern trees, mushrooms and even pine trees thrive well. Rice comes in many varieties. Other plants with agricultural value include: salak, mangosteen, corn, Kintamani orange, coffee and water spinach.
[edit] Administrative divisions

The province is divided into 8 regencies (kabupaten) and 1 city (kota). Unless otherwise stated, the regency's capital:

* Badung, capital Mangupura
* Bangli, capital Bangli
* Buleleng, capital Singaraja
* Denpasar (city)
* Gianyar, capital Gianyar
* Jembrana, capital Negara
* Karangasem, capital Amlapura
* Klungkung, capital Semarapura
* Tabanan, capital Tabanan

[edit] Economy

Three decades ago, the Balinese economy was largely agriculture-based in terms of both output and employment. Tourism is now the largest single industry; and as a result, Bali is one of Indonesia’s wealthiest regions. About 80% of Bali's economy depends on tourism.[14] The economy, however, suffered significantly as a result of the terrorist bombings 2002 and 2005. The tourism industry is slowly recovering once again.
[edit] Agriculture
Tegalalang rice terrace in Ubud

Although tourism produces the GDP's largest output, agriculture is still the island’s biggest employer;[15][citation needed] most notably rice cultivation. Crops grown in smaller amounts include fruit, vegetables, Coffea arabica and other cash and subsistence crops.[citation needed] Fishing also provides a significant number of jobs. Bali is also famous for its artisans who produce a vast array of handicrafts, including batik and ikat cloth and clothing, wooden carvings, stone carvings, painted art and silverware. Notably, individual villages typically adopt a single product, such as wind chimes or wooden furniture.

The Arabica coffee production region is the highland region of Kintamani near Mount Batur. Generally, Balinese coffee is processed using the wet method. This results in a sweet, soft coffee with good consistency. Typical flavors include lemon and other citrus notes.[16] Many coffee farmers in Kintamani are members of a traditional farming system called Subak Abian, which is based on the Hindu philosophy of "Tri Hita Karana”. According to this philosophy, the three causes of happiness are good relations with God, other people and the environment. The Subak Abian system is ideally suited to the production of fair trade and organic coffee production. Arabica coffee from Kintamani is the first product in Indonesia to request a Geographical Indication.[17]
[edit] Tourism
The Tirtha Empul Temple draws a fair share of tourists who seek its holy waters
Pura Taman Ayun, another temple which is a popular tourist destination
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The tourism industry is primarily focused in the south, while significant in the other parts of the island as well. The main tourist locations are the town of Kuta (with its beach), and its outer suburbs of Legian and Seminyak (which were once independent townships), the east coast town of Sanur (once the only tourist hub), in the center of the island Ubud, to the south of the Ngurah Rai International Airport, Jimbaran, and the newer development of Nusa Dua and Pecatu.

The American government lifted its travel warnings in 2008. As of 2009, the Australian government still rates it at a 4 danger level (the same as several countries in central Africa) on a scale of 5.

An offshoot of tourism is the growing real estate industry. Bali real estate has been rapidly developing in the main tourist areas of Kuta, Legian, Seminyak and Oberoi. Most recently, high-end 5 star projects are under development on the Bukit peninsula, on the south side of the island. Million dollar villas are being developed along the cliff sides of south Bali, commanding panoramic ocean views. Foreign and domestic (many Jakarta individuals and companies are fairly active) investment into other areas of the island also continues to grow. Land prices, despite the worldwide economic crisis, have remained stable.

In the last half of 2008, Indonesia's currency had dropped approximately 30% against the US dollar, providing many overseas visitors value for their currencies. Visitor arrivals for 2009 were forecast to drop 8% (which would be higher than 2007 levels), due to the worldwide economic crisis which has also affected the global tourist industry, but not due to any travel warnings.

Bali's tourism economy survived the terrorist bombings of 2002 and 2005, and the tourism industry has in fact slowly recovered and surpassed its pre-terrorist bombing levels; the longterm trend has been a steady increase of visitor arrivals. At 2010, Bali received 2.57 million foreign tourists. It is surpassed the target of 2.0-2.3 million tourists. The average occupancy of starred hotels achieved 65 percent (last year 60.8 percent), so still capable for accommodates tourists for next some years without any addition of new rooms/hotels,[18] although at the peak season some of them are fully booked.

Bali received the Best Island award from Travel and Leisure in 2010. The award was presented in the show "World's Best Awards 2010" in New York, on 21 July. Hotel Four Seasons Resort Bali at Jimbaran also received an award in the category of "World Best Hotel Spas in Asia 2010". The award was based on a survey of travel magazine Travel + Leisure readers between 15 December 2009 through 31 March 2010, and was judged on several criteria. The Ayana Resort received the designation; #1 Spa in the world by Conde Naste's Traveller Magazine for 2010 by their readers poll . The island of Bali won because of its attractive surroundings (both mountain and coastal areas), diverse tourist attractions, excellent international and local restaurants, and the friendliness of the local people.
[edit] Transportation

The Ngurah Rai International Airport is located near Jimbaran, on the isthmus at the southernmost part of the island. Lt.Col. Wisnu Airfield is found in north-west Bali.

A coastal road surrounds the island, and three major two-lane arteries cross the central mountains at passes reaching to 1,750m in height (at Penelokan). The Ngurah Rai Bypass is a four-lane expressway that partly encircles Denpasar and enables cars to travel quickly in the heavily populated south. Bali has no railway lines.

December 2010: Government of Indonesia has invited investors to build Tanah Ampo Cruise Terminal at Karangasem, Bali amounted $30 million.[19]

A Memorandum of Understanding has been signed by 2 ministers, Bali's Governor and Indonesian Train Company to build 565 kilometers railway along the coast around the island. It will be operated since 2015.[20]

A 11.4 kilometers Serangan-Tanjung Benoa toll road will be built since mid-2011 by Jasamarga.[21] On March 16, 2011 (Tanjung) Benoa port has received a "Best Port Welcome 2010" award from London's "Dream World Cruise Destination" magazine.[22]
[edit] Demographics

The population of Bali is 3,151,000 (as of 2005). There are an estimated 30,000 expatriates living in Bali.[23]
[edit] Religion
The Mother Temple of Besakih, one of Bali's most significant Hindu temples.
A religious procession

Unlike most of Muslim-majority Indonesia, about 93.18% of Bali's population adheres to Balinese Hinduism, formed as a combination of existing local beliefs and Hindu influences from mainland Southeast Asia and South Asia. Minority religions include Islam (4.79%), Christianity (1.38%), and Buddhism (0.64%). These figures do not include immigrants from other parts of Indonesia.

When Islam surpassed Hinduism in Java (16th century), Bali became a refuge for many Hindus. Balinese Hinduism is an amalgam in which gods and demigods are worshipped together with Buddhist heroes, the spirits of ancestors, indigenous agricultural deities and sacred places. Religion as it is practiced in Bali is a composite belief system that embraces not only theology, philosophy, and mythology, but ancestor worship, animism and magic. It pervades nearly every aspect of traditional life. Caste is observed, though less strictly than in India. With an estimated 20,000 puras (temples) and shrines, Bali is known as the "Island of a Thousand Puras", or "Island of the Gods".[24]

Balinese Hinduism has roots in Indian Hinduism and in Buddhism, and adopted the animistic traditions of the indigenous people. This influence strengthened the belief that the gods and goddesses are present in all things. Every element of nature, therefore, possesses its own power, which reflects the power of the gods. A rock, tree, dagger, or woven cloth is a potential home for spirits whose energy can be directed for good or evil. Balinese Hinduism is deeply interwoven with art and ritual. Ritualizing states of self-control are a notable feature of religious expression among the people, who for this reason have become famous for their graceful and decorous behavior.[25]

Apart from the majority of Balinese Hindus, there also exist Chinese immigrants whose traditions have melded with that of the locals. As a result, these Sino-Balinese not only embrace their original religion, which is a mixture of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism, but also find a way to harmonize it with the local traditions. Hence, it is not uncommon to find local Sino-Balinese during the local temple's odalan. Moreover, Balinese Hindu priests are invited to perform rites alongside a Chinese priest in the event of the death of a Sino-Balinese.[26] Nevertheless, the Sino-Balinese claim to embrace Buddhism for administrative purposes, such as their Identity Cards.[27]
[edit] Language

Balinese and Indonesian are the most widely spoken languages in Bali, and the vast majority of Balinese people are bilingual or trilingual. There are several indigenous Balinese languages, but most Balinese can also use the most widely spoken option: modern common Balinese. The usage of different Balinese languages was traditionally determined by the Balinese caste system and by clan membership, but this tradition is diminishing.

English is a common third language (and the primary foreign language) of many Balinese, owing to the requirements of the tourism industry.
[edit] Culture
Main articles: Music of Bali and Balinese art
The famous dancer i Mario, picture taken 1940.

Bali is renowned for its diverse and sophisticated art forms, such as painting, sculpture, woodcarving, handcrafts, and performing arts. Balinese percussion orchestra music, known as gamelan, is highly developed and varied. Balinese performing arts often portray stories from Hindu epics such as the Ramayana but with heavy Balinese influence. Famous Balinese dances include pendet, legong, baris, topeng, barong, gong keybar, and kecak (the monkey dance). Bali boasts one of the most diverse and innovative performing arts cultures in the world, with paid performances at thousands of temple festivals, private ceremonies, or public shows.[28]

The Hindu New Year, Nyepi, is celebrated in the spring by a day of silence. On this day everyone stays at home and tourists are encouraged to remain in their hotels. But the day before that large, colourful sculptures of ogoh-ogoh monsters are paraded and finally burned in the evening to drive away evil spirits. Other festivals throughout the year are specified by the Balinese pawukon calendrical system.
Balinese dancers wearing elaborate headgear, photographed in 1929. Digitally restored.

Celebrations are held for many occasions such as a tooth-filing (coming-of-age ritual), cremation or odalan (temple festival). One of the most important concepts that Balinese ceremonies have in common is that of désa kala patra, which refers to how ritual performances must be appropriate in both the specific and general social context.[29] Many of the ceremonial art forms such as wayang kulit and topeng are highly improvisatory, providing flexibility for the performer to adapt the performance to the current situation.[30] Many celebrations call for a loud, boisterous atmosphere with lots of activity and the resulting aesthetic, ramé, is distinctively Balinese. Oftentimes two or more gamelan ensembles will be performing well within earshot, and sometimes compete with each other in order to be heard. Likewise, the audience members talk amongst themselves, get up and walk around, or even cheer on the performance, which adds to the many layers of activity and the liveliness typical of ramé.[31]
Stone carvings in Ubud.

Kaja and kelod are the Balinese equivalents of North and South, which refer to ones orientation between the island’s largest mountain Gunung Agung (kaja), and the sea (kelod). In addition to spatial orientation, kaja and kelod have the connotation of good and evil; gods and ancestors are believed to live on the mountain whereas demons live in the sea. Buildings such as temples and residential homes are spatially oriented by having the most sacred spaces closest to the mountain and the unclean places nearest to the sea.[32]

Most temples have an inner courtyard and an outer courtyard which are arranged with the inner courtyard furthest kaja. These spaces serve as performance venues since most Balinese rituals are accompanied by any combination of music, dance and drama. The performances that take place in the inner courtyard are classified as wali, the most sacred rituals which are offerings exclusively for the gods, while the outer courtyard is where bebali ceremonies are held, which are intended for gods and people. Lastly, performances meant solely for the entertainment of humans take place outside the walls of the temple and are called bali-balihan. This three-tiered system of classification was standardized in 1971 by a committee of Balinese officials and artists in order to better protect the sanctity of the oldest and most sacred Balinese rituals from being performed for a paying audience.[33]

Tourism, Bali’s chief industry, has provided the island with a foreign audience that is eager to pay for entertainment, thus creating new performance opportunities and more demand for performers. The impact of tourism is controversial since before it became integrated into the economy, the Balinese performing arts did not exist as a capitalist venture, and were not performed for entertainment outside of their respective ritual context. Since the 1930s sacred rituals such as the barong dance have been performed both in their original contexts, as well as exclusively for paying tourists. This has led to new versions of many of these performances which have developed according to the preferences of foreign audiences; some villages have a barong mask specifically for non-ritual performances as well as an older mask which is only used for sacred performances.[34]

Balinese society continues to revolve around each family's ancestral village, to which the cycle of life and religion is closely tied.[35] Coercive aspects of traditional society, such as customary law sanctions imposed by traditional authorities such as village councils (including "kasepekang", or shunning) have risen in importance as a consequence of the democratization and decentralization of Indonesia since 1998.[35]

geisha - benci dan cinta

2011-04-05T21:52:00.000-07:00

bagaimana cara membuatmu bahagia
nyaris ku menyerah jalani semua
tlah berbagai kata ku ungkap percuma
agar kau percaya cintaku berharga

tak kuat ku menahanmu, mempertahankan cintaku
namun kau begitu saja, tak pernah merindu

reff:
sungguh aku tak bisa, sampai kapanpun tak bisa
membenci dirimu, sesungguhnya aku tak mampu
sulit untuk ku bisa, sangat sulit ku tak bisa
memisahkan segala cinta dan benci yang ku rasa

apa kau mengerti ku sedih sendiri
tanpa ada kamu ku merasa sepi

tlah lama ku menantimu, diam sendiri menunggu
setengah hati mencinta, ku sakit karenamu

repeat reff

woo ooo ku sakit karenamu

sungguh aku tak bisa, sampai kapanpun tak bisa
membenci dirimu, sesungguhnya aku tak mampu
sulit untuk ku bisa, sangat sulit ku tak bisa
memisahkan segala cinta dan benci

sungguh aku tak bisa membenci dirimu
sesungguhnya aku tak mampu
sungguh aku tak bisa, sampai kapanpun tak bisa
memisahkan segala cinta dan benci ooo
cinta dan benci ooo yang ku rasa

twilight

2011-03-31T21:30:00.000-07:00

Twilight is a young-adult vampire-romance novel[3][4] by author Stephenie Meyer. Twilight was initially rejected by 14 agents,[5] but became an instant bestseller when published originally in hardback in 2005, debuting at #5 on the New York Times Best Seller list within a month of its release[6] and later peaking at #1.[7] That same year, Twilight was named one of Publishers Weekly's Best Children's Books of 2005.[8] The novel was also the biggest selling book of 2008[9] and, to date, has sold 17 million copies worldwide, spent over 91 weeks on the New York Times Best Seller list,[10] and been translated into 37 different languages.[11]

It is the first book of the Twilight series, and introduces seventeen-year-old Isabella "Bella" Swan, who moves from Phoenix, Arizona to Forks, Washington and finds her life in danger when she falls in love with a vampire, Edward Cullen. The novel is followed by New Moon, Eclipse, and Breaking Dawn. A film adaptation of Twilight was released in 2008. It was a commercial success, grossing more than $392 million worldwide[12] and an additional $157 million from North American DVD sales, as of July 2009.[13]
Contents
[hide]

* 1 Plot summary
* 2 Cover
* 3 Awards and honors
* 4 Development
* 5 Publication
* 6 Critical reception
* 7 Adaptations
o 7.1 Film
o 7.2 Graphic novel
* 8 References
* 9 External links

[edit] Plot summary

Isabella "Bella" Swan moves from sunny Phoenix, Arizona to rainy Forks, Washington to live with her father, Charlie, while her mother, Renée, travels with her new husband, Phil Dwyer, a minor league baseball player. Bella attracts much attention at her new school and is quickly befriended by several students. Much to her dismay, several boys compete for shy Bella's attention.

When Bella is seated next to Edward Cullen in class on her first day of school, Edward seems utterly repulsed by her. He disappears for a few days, but warms up to Bella upon his return; their newfound relationship reaches a climax when Bella is nearly run over by a fellow classmate's van in the school parking lot. Edward saves her life when he instantaneously appears next to her and stops the van with his bare hands.

Bella becomes determined to find out how Edward saved her life, and constantly pesters him with questions. After a family friend, Jacob Black, tells her the local tribal legends, Bella concludes that Edward and his family are vampires who drink animal blood rather than human. Edward confesses that he initially avoided Bella because the scent of her blood was too desirable to him. Over time, Edward and Bella fall in love.

Their relationship is disturbed when another vampire coven arrives in Forks. James, a tracker vampire who is intrigued by the Cullens' relationship with a human, wants to hunt Bella for sport. The Cullens attempt to distract the tracker by splitting up Bella and Edward, and Bella is sent to hide in a hotel in Phoenix. There, Bella receives a phone call from James, who claims to be holding her mother captive. When Bella surrenders herself, James attacks her. Before she is killed, Edward, along with the other Cullens, rescues her and defeats James. Once they realize that James has bitten Bella's hand, Edward successfully sucks the poison from her bloodstream and prevents her from becoming a vampire, after which she is brought to a hospital. Upon returning to Forks, Bella and Edward attend their school prom and Bella expresses her desire to become a vampire, but Edward refuses.
[edit] Cover

Stephenie Meyer has stated that the apple on the cover represents the forbidden fruit from the Book of Genesis. It symbolizes Bella and Edward's love, which is forbidden, similar to the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil, as is implied by the quote from Genesis 2:17 that is quoted at the beginning of the book. It also represents Bella's knowledge of what good and evil are, and the choice that she has in partaking of the "forbidden fruit", Edward, or choosing not to see him.[14] An alternative cover features Kristen Stewart and Robert Pattinson, the actors who play Bella and Edward, respectively, in the film adaptation.
[edit] Awards and honors

* One of Publishers Weekly's "Best Children's Books of 2005"[8]
* One of School Library Journal's "Best Books of 2005"[15]

[edit] Development

Meyer says that the idea for Twilight came to her in a dream on June 2, 2003.[16] The dream was about a human girl, and a vampire who was in love with her but thirsted for her blood.[16] Based on this dream, Meyer wrote the transcript of what is now Chapter 13 of the book.[17] In a matter of three months she had transformed her dream into a completed novel,[18] though she claims that she never intended to publish Twilight and was writing for her own enjoyment.[19] Her sister's response towards the book was enthusiastic and she persuaded Meyer to send the manuscript to literary agencies.[20] Of the 15 letters she wrote, five went unanswered, nine brought rejections, and the last was a positive response from Jodi Reamer of Writers House.[21]
[edit] Publication

Eight publishers competed for the rights to publish Twilight in the 2003 auction.[21] Little, Brown and Company originally bid for $300,000, but Meyer's agent asked for $1 million; the publishers finally settled on $750,000 for three books.[22] Twilight was published in 2005 with a print run of 75,000 copies.[21] It debuted at #5 on the New York Times Best Seller list within a month of its release,[6] and later peaked at #1.[7] Foreign rights to the novel were sold to over 26 countries.[23]

In October 2008, Twilight was ranked #26 in USA Today's list of "Bestselling Books of Last 15 Years".[24] Later, the book went on to become the best-selling book of 2008.[25]
[edit] Critical reception

Initial reviews for Twilight were mostly positive, with Publishers Weekly called Meyer one of the most "promising new authors of 2005".[26] The Times praised the book for capturing "perfectly the teenage feeling of sexual tension and alienation",[27] and Amazon.com hailed the book as "[d]eeply romantic and extraordinarily suspenseful".[28] Hillias J. Martin of School Library Journal stated, "Realistic, subtle, succinct, and easy to follow, Twilight will have readers dying to sink their teeth into it",[29] and Norah Piehl of TeenReads wrote, "Twilight is a gripping blend of romance and horror".[30] Publishers Weekly's starred review described Bella's "infatuation with outsider Edward", their risky relationship, and "Edward's inner struggle" as a metaphor for sexual frustration accompanying adolescence.[31] Booklist wrote, "There are some flaws here–a plot that could have been tightened, an over reliance on adjectives and adverbs to bolster dialogue–but this dark romance seeps into the soul."[32] Christopher Middleton of The Daily Telegraph called the book a "high school drama with a bloody twist ... no secret, of course, at whom this book is aimed, and no doubt, either, that it has hit its mark.[33] Jennifer Hawes of The Post and Courier said, "Twilight, the first book in Stephenie Meyer's series, gripped me so fiercely that I called the nearest teenager I know and begged for her copy after I misplaced my own."[34]

Kirkus gave a more mixed review, noting that, "[Twilight] is far from perfect: Edward's portrayal as monstrous tragic hero is overly Byronic, and Bella's appeal is based on magic rather than character. Nonetheless, the portrayal of dangerous lovers hits the spot; fans of dark romance will find it hard to resist."[35] The New York Times review stated, "The premise of Twilight is attractive and compelling — who hasn't fantasized about unearthly love with a beautiful stranger? — but the book suffers at times from overearnest, amateurish writing. A little more "showing" and a lot less "telling" might have been a good thing, especially some pruning to eliminate the constant references to Edward's shattering beauty and Bella's undying love." [36] Although the Daily Telegraph later listed Twilight at number 32 on its list of "100 books that defined the noughties", it said that the novel was "Astonishing, mainly for the ineptitude of [Meyer's] prose".[37] Elizabeth Hand said in a review for the Washington Post, "Meyer's prose seldom rises above the serviceable, and the plotting is leaden".[38]
[edit] Adaptations
[edit] Film
Main article: Twilight (2008 film)

Twilight was adapted into a film by Summit Entertainment. The film was directed by Catherine Hardwicke and stars Kristen Stewart and Robert Pattinson as protagonists Isabella Swan and Edward Cullen, respectively. The screenplay was adapted by Melissa Rosenberg. The movie was released in theaters in the United States on November 21, 2008,[39] and on DVD on March 21, 2009.[40] The DVD was released in Australia on April 22, 2009.[41]
[edit] Graphic novel
Main article: Twilight: The Graphic Novel

On July 15, 2009, Entertainment Weekly confirmed rumors that a graphic novel adaptation of Twilight was in the works. The book will be drawn by Korean artist Young Kim and published by Yen Press. Stephenie Meyer reviews every panel herself. According to EW, "it doesn't look simply like an artist's rendering of Kristen Stewart and Rob Pattinson. In fact, the characters seem to be an amalgam of Meyer's literary imagination and the actors' actual looks." EW magazine published finished illustrations of Edward, Bella, and Jacob in their July 17, 2009 issue.[42]

Profile sm*sh

2011-02-18T20:00:00.000-08:00

Setelah sebelumnya saya pernah menulis tentang Profil SM*SH yang berisi foto personil SM*SH, sekarang ini saya akan memberitahukan kepada anda BIODATA dan Profil LENGKAP PERSONIL SM*SH agar anda yang mungkin merupakan fans berat SM*SH bisa sedikit mengetahui idola baru kalian. Nah, langsung saja disimak inilah biodata dan profil personil SM*SH yang beranggotakan Morgan Oey, Rangga Dewamoela Soekarta, Rafael Landry Tanubrata, Bisma Karisma, M. Ilham Fauzi, M. Reza Anugrah, Dicky Muhammad Prasetya.

MORGAN OEY
Lahir : 25 Mei 1990, Singkawang, Kalimantan Barat
Zodiac : Gemini
Penyanyi Favorit : Justin Timberlake, Rihanna, Christina Aguilera
Studi : Information&Technology, Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta
Lagu Favorit : Breathless, Shayne Ward
Jajanan favorit : French Fries
Impian sukses : Membawa keluarga jalan-jalan keliling dunia
Pertama kali on stage : Indonesian Idol Audition
Artis cewek favorit : Sandra Dewi
Tidak disukai : Dikekang dan dibohongi

RANGGA DEWAMOELA SOEKARTA
Lahir : 6 Januari 1988, Voorburg, Belanda
Zodiac : Capricorn
Penyanyi Favorit : Stevie Wonder
Studi : Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Katolik Parahyangan, Bandung
Lagu Favorit : Because of You, Keith Martin
Jajanan favorit : French Fries
Impian sukses : Membahagiakan dan membuat bangga orang tua
Pertama kali on stage : Lomba Nyanyi antar SD
Artis cewek favorit : Beyonce, Agnes Monica
Tidak disukai : Dibohongin dan Udara Panas

RAFAEL LANDRY TANUBRATA
Nama : Rafael Landry Tanubrata
Lahir : 16 November 1986, Garut
Zodiac : Scorpio
Penyanyi Favorit : Mulan Jameela
Studi : Univ. Maranatha
Lagu favorit : If You’re Not the One, Daniel Bedingfield
Jajanan favorit : Jajanan pasar
Impian sukses : Jadi seorang entertainer yang melegenda dan menjadi panutan banyak orang
Pertama kali on stage : Nyanyi di Gereja
Tidak disukai : Kaca yang retak

M. ILHAM FAUZI
Lahir : 29 Agustus 1995, Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara
Zodiac : Virgo
Penyanyi Favorit : Gita Gutawa, Hayley Nichole Williams
Studi : SMAN 1, Bandung
Lagu Favorit : That’s What You Get – Paramore
Jajanan favorit : French Fries khas SMAN1 dan chicken katsu
Impian sukses : Pengen jadi anak shaleh untuk orang tua dan bisa terkenal, pengen bikin video klip dengan Hayley Nichole Williams
Pertama kali on stage : Kid’s Choice Award Nickelodeon
Artis cewek favorit : Putri Titian
Tidak disukai : Menunggu

M. REZA ANUGRAH
Lahir : 21 Maret 1994, Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara
Zodiac : Aries
Penyanyi Favorit : Ne Yo
Studi : SMAN 6, Bandung
Lagu Favorit : Nothin on You, Keith Martin
Jajanan favorit : Siomay
Impian sukses : Maju sampai go international dengan SMASH dan bisa bawa orang tua naik haji.
Pertama kali on stage : Kid’s Choice Award Nickelodeon
Artis cewek favorit : Sandara 2NE1, Katy Perry, Agnes Monica
Tidak disukai : Diselingkuhi

BISMA KARISMA
Lahir : 27 November 1990 Bandung
Zodiac : Sagitarius
Penyanyi Favorit : Jason Mraz, Chris Brown, Hyun Ah
Lagu Favorit : Semua lagu yang enak buat dinyanyiin
Jajanan favorit : Cuankie, pecel, ice chocolate, teh manis
Impian sukses : Jadi musisi dan sutradara
Pertama kali on stage : Puma Ground Zero
Artis cewek favorit : Poppy Sovia, Zoey Deschanel
Tidak disukai : Kedinginan, debu, dibohongi, dan basa basi

DICKY MUHAMMAD PRASETYA
Lahir : 18 Juni 1993, Bandung
Zodiac : Gemini
Penyanyi Favorit : Stevie Wonder
Studi : SMA BPI 1, Bandung
Lagu Favorit : Semua lagu 2NE1 dan Lady Gaga
Jajanan favorit : Jajanan yang pedas
Impian sukses : Pengen dikenal dan diterima masyarakat
Pertama kali on stage : Pentas Budaya TMII
Artis cewek favorit : Rihanna
Tidak disukai : Dibohongi

Nah itulah biodata profil personil SM*SH yang bisa anda ketahui, untuk informasi lebih lanjut lagi seperti wajah mereka silahkan membaca: Profil SM*SH Boyband Indonesia

Tags: BIODATA SM*SH, Boyband Indonesia, DATA PERSONIL SM*SH, foto personil SM*SH, i heart you, lirik lagu SM*SH I Heart You, Profil SM*SH

sm*sh

2011-02-18T19:09:00.000-08:00

pertama kali saya ga tahu apa itu "sm*sh" , orang - orang rame banget ngomongin "sm*sh" , pertama kali denger kata itu saya berfikir mungkin mereka semua lagi demam bulu tangkis . Diantara yang lain mungkin saya yang paling ketinggalan hot news . Karena saya jarang nonton tv , setiap detik di hidup saya ga bakalan jauh - jauh dari nulis dan membaca . Setelah beberapa hari kemudian saya tahu kalau "sm*sh" itu boyband yang lagi ngetren , tapi saya ga pernah liat band yang namanya "sm*sh" muncul di tv atau ini gara - gara saya jarang nonton tv yah ? Semakin lama band sm*sh rame banget jadi buah bibir orang disekitar saya . Itu bener - bener buat saya penasaran sama boyband yang namanya "sm*sh" . Sore itu saya langsung nonton tv sambil bawa pulpen dan semua buku PR , tiba - tiba di acara gosip lagi ngebahas tentang sm*sh keberuntungan yang tak terduga , volume tv langsung saya kerasin sampe - sampe kedengeran ke tetangga yang lainnya . Pandangan pertama lewat layar kaca awalnya sih biasa ajah tapi lagunya enak banget and ada dancenya segala it's cool :) .
Dari situ saya jadi ketularan demam sm*sh , mp3nya sering saya puter setiap hari . Jarang banget ada boy band Indonesia yang pinter nyanyi dan ngedance and kebetulan saya suka banget ngedance walaupun saya ga pinter ngedance tapi saya tetap berfikir kalau dance itu unik . Kemarin malam sm*sh muncul di layar kaca tepatnya jam 19.15 di Trans Tv judulnya "Cinta Cenat - Cenut" cool banget deh actingnya it's very perfeck , sampe - sampe semalem saya mimpi ketemu sm*sh it is nice dream for me :) .

Letter to Justin Bieber Drew Mallete

2011-02-05T23:01:00.000-08:00

To: Justin Drew Bieber Mallete

I'm too passionate about - mad at the figure who always blinding my world until I thought there was only him in my life. I can only view it from the glass screen, I've never met him but my heart is eager to meet her, my desire to pursue continued to force himself. Logic says no way I could see her figure with my second ball this directly but really he too makes the heart is melted by her voice and her eyes are beautiful. He is the god for women because he was different from the others. I want it more than a hunk of a glittering pearl, I like it more than I liked the diamond jewel. Perhaps this notion is too high to reach me, but this is anganku, this is my dream, I was free expect what I want even though I know it will never materialize. He's too far, she's too beautiful, she's too perfect to have. Perfection itself is a weakness, which makes me think that they are a complement to my life. I do not want to release the figure, even though only in imagination. If I could meet him someday at the right time, they say this is a dream that would drop me, but if one wants jikaku this beautiful dream? This is my dream high, which inginku grasping with both hands in this beautiful world. I like it because a beautiful smile, the smile is different from the others, a smile that seemed to give hope to the flake disappointment, that smile that never I found, the smile of the god who can paint a rainbow in the sky - the sky my heart. I will always remember you, even though people say stupid to me, although I know this is only my dream, all I know There's Only Your Love In My dream .

Yunimei :)

Jujur saja aku kecewa

Maaf

fox rain - my girl friend is gumiho

fox rain - my girl friend is gumiho

Avril Lagvine - When you're gone

Aku tak ingin melihat tangismu

Tuhan, Aku ingin menangis

Profile

Ini berbeda

Lily putih dan hujan yang mengantar kepergianmu

galaksi

lubang hitam

Diriku dan mimpiku

Segudang tanda tanya

Kronolgi kematian Marco Simoncelli

Moto GP tidak akan bersinar lagi setelah kepergian Simoncelli

ini Fakta

Mega - mega indah jika kau pijaki

Baca dan fahami mungkin kau akan mengerti

Sahabat Pelangiku

moon knight

Moon Knight

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Contents

[edit] Publication history

[edit] Fictional character biography

[edit] Origin

[edit] Fist of Khonshu

[edit] Marc Spector: Moon Knight

[edit] Resurrection War

[edit] Minor appearances

[edit] Moon Knight, 2006 ongoing

[edit] Return

[edit] Character analysis

[edit] Powers and abilities

[edit] Enemies

[edit] Other versions

[edit] 2099

[edit] House Of M

[edit] Marvel Zombies

[edit] Ultimate Moon Knight

[edit] Universe X

[edit] In other media

[edit] Television

[edit] Video games

[edit] Action figures

[edit] Bibliography

[edit] Collected editions

[edit] References

[edit] External links

Views

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bunga sakura

sungai raksasa

elisabeth of bavavia

Elisabeth of Bavaria

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Contents

[edit] Duchess in Bavaria

[edit] Queen and Empress

[edit] Assassination

[edit] Legacy

[edit] In literature and drama

[edit] In dance and music

[edit] Issue

[edit] See also

[edit] Notes

[edit] References

[edit] External links

[edit] Ancestry

geisha - benci dan cinta

twilight

Profile sm*sh

sm*sh